Lesson 2: Complex Gerunds, Infinitives, & Reduced Clauses Executive Communication: At the C1 level, fluency is not just about grammatical correctness; it is about conciseness and flow . When professionals draft grant proposals, eco-tourism reports, or executive summaries, they avoid long, repetitive sentences. By utilizing complex gerunds, perfect infinitives, and reduced relative clauses, you can synthesize complex information into sophisticated, seamless statements. Advanced Structures: Having explored (Perfect Participle) - Used to emphasize that the first action was fully completed before the second action began. To be finalized (Passive Infinitive) - Indicates a future action or obligation directed at the subject. Being promoted (Passive Gerund) - Functions as a noun representing an action currently happening to a subject. To have experienced (Perfect Infinitive) - Looks back in time from the perspective of the main verb. Built (Reduced Passive Clause) - A past participle functioning as a reduced relative clause (dropping "which is/was&quo…
