Writing

A1 (Beginner)

✍️ Basic Mechanics & Formation

• Forming English Alphabet Letters (Uppercase & Lowercase - for handwriting)
• Basic Typing Practice for English Characters
• Spelling Own Name & Very Common Words (cat, sun, I, am, is)
• Using Capital Letters for "I" and Start of Sentences
• Using Full Stops (Periods) at the End of Sentences
• Using Question Marks for Simple Questions

🧱 Sentence Construction & Variety (Very Basic)

• Writing Simple Sentences with Subject-Verb (e.g., "I run." "She eats.")
• Writing Simple Sentences with Subject-Verb-Object (e.g., "I like blue." "He has a pen.")
• Copying Simple Sentences Correctly

📧 Genre-Specific Writing (Very Simple)

• Writing Own Name and Address (simple format)
• Filling in Very Simple Forms with Personal Details (name, age)
• Writing Short Labels or Captions for Pictures (e.g., "a red car")

A2 (Elementary)

✍️ Basic Mechanics & Formation

• Spelling Common Everyday Words Correctly (colors, numbers, days, family)
• Using Commas in Simple Lists (e.g., "apples, bananas, and oranges")
• Capitalizing Proper Nouns (Names of people, places - basic)
• Using Exclamation Marks for Simple Exclamations

🧱 Sentence Construction & Variety

• Writing Simple Sentences with Adjectives (e.g., "The big dog is brown.")
• Using "and," "but," "so" to Connect Simple Sentences (Compound sentences)
• Forming Simple Questions (Do you...? What is...?)
• Forming Simple Negative Sentences (I do not like...)

¶️ Paragraphing & Text Organization (Introduction)

• Understanding that Sentences on One Topic Go Together
• Writing 2-3 Related Sentences about a Familiar Topic (e.g., My Family, My Pet)

Descriptive Writing (Simple)

• Using Simple Adjectives to Describe People, Places, and Things
• Writing Short Descriptions of a Picture or a Familiar Object

Narrative Writing (Simple)

• Writing a Sequence of 2-3 Simple Sentences about a Past Event (e.g., "Yesterday I went to the market.")
• Using Basic Time Words (e.g., first, then)

📧 Genre-Specific Writing (Simple Forms)

• Writing a Simple Postcard or Short Personal Note (e.g., birthday greeting)
• Writing Very Short, Simple Emails to a Friend (e.g., "Hi, how are you?")

B1 (Intermediate)

✍️ Basic Mechanics & Formation (Review & Accuracy)

• Consistent Spelling of Common Words & Introduction to Spelling Rules
• Accurate Use of Commas (lists, before conjunctions in compound sentences, after introductory phrases)
• Using Apostrophes for Contractions & Basic Possession

🧱 Sentence Construction & Variety

• Writing Clear Compound Sentences with a Variety of Conjunctions
• Introduction to Complex Sentences (e.g., using "when," "if," "because," "who," "which")
• Avoiding Run-on Sentences (basic strategies)

¶️ Paragraphing & Text Organization

• Writing a Basic Paragraph with a Clear Topic Sentence & Supporting Details
• Organizing Paragraphs Logically in a Short Text (e.g., a simple story, a description)
• Using Basic Transition Words Between Sentences (e.g., also, then, however - simple use)

🔗 Cohesion & Coherence (Introduction)

• Using Pronouns Correctly to Refer to Nouns
• Using Simple Linking Words (First, Next, Finally; Therefore, However) to Connect Ideas

🧐 Planning, Drafting, Revising & Editing (Introduction)

• Brainstorming Ideas Before Writing (e.g., making a list, simple mind map)
• Writing a First Draft
• Basic Self-Correction for Grammar & Spelling Errors

🎯 Audience, Purpose & Register (Formality - Introduction)

• Understanding the Difference Between Formal & Informal Language (simple examples)
• Writing Appropriately for a Familiar Audience (e.g., a friend vs. a teacher - simple scenarios)

Descriptive Writing

• Using a Range of Adjectives & Adverbs to Create More Detailed Descriptions
• Organizing Descriptive Details Logically (e.g., general to specific)

Narrative Writing

• Writing a Simple Story with a Clear Beginning, Middle, and End
• Describing Characters & Settings Briefly
• Using Past Tenses Consistently in Narratives

🗣️ Opinion, Argumentative & Persuasive Writing (Simple Opinion)

• Expressing Personal Opinions Clearly (e.g., "I think...", "In my opinion...")
• Giving Simple Reasons & Examples to Support an Opinion

📝 Summarizing & Paraphrasing (Basic)

• Identifying Main Ideas in a Short, Simple Text
• Writing a Short Summary (1-2 sentences) of a Paragraph
• Basic Paraphrasing of Simple Sentences

📧 Genre-Specific Writing

• Writing Informal Emails & Letters (e.g., to friends, family - thanking, inviting, sharing news)
• Writing Simple Formal Letters (e.g., a basic letter of request or inquiry)
• Writing Short Blog Posts or Diary Entries on Familiar Topics

B2 (Upper Intermediate)

🧱 Sentence Construction & Variety (Advanced)

• Using a Variety of Complex Sentence Structures (relative clauses, conditional clauses, participle clauses - intro)
• Ensuring Sentence Fluency & Avoiding Monotony
• Correcting Comma Splices & Fused Sentences

¶️ Paragraphing & Text Organization (Essays/Reports)

• Developing Well-Structured Paragraphs with Clear Topic Sentences, Supporting Evidence & Explanations
• Organizing Longer Texts (e.g., essays, reports) with Clear Introduction, Body Paragraphs, & Conclusion
• Using Topic Sentences & Concluding Sentences Effectively

🔗 Cohesion & Coherence

• Using a Range of Cohesive Devices (linking words, pronouns, synonyms, repetition) Effectively
• Ensuring Logical Transitions Between Paragraphs
• Maintaining a Consistent Viewpoint or Argument

🧐 Planning, Drafting, Revising & Editing (The Full Process)

• Developing Detailed Outlines & Plans for Writing Tasks
• Drafting Complex Texts Systematically
• Revising for Clarity, Coherence, Organization, & Style
• Proofreading Meticulously for Errors in Grammar, Punctuation, & Spelling

🎯 Audience, Purpose & Register (Formality)

• Analyzing Audience & Purpose to Make Appropriate Stylistic Choices
• Consistently Maintaining Formal or Informal Register as Required
• Understanding Nuances of Tone and Politeness

Descriptive Writing & Narrative Writing (Advanced)

• Using Figurative Language (similes, metaphors) to Enhance Descriptions
• Creating Atmosphere & Engaging the Reader in Narratives
• Developing Characters & Plot More Thoroughly
• Using Dialogue Effectively

Expository Writing (Explaining/Informing)

• Writing Clear Explanations of Processes, Concepts, or Systems
• Structuring Informative Texts Logically (e.g., classification, cause-effect, comparison-contrast)
• Presenting Factual Information Objectively

🗣️ Opinion, Argumentative & Persuasive Writing

• Developing a Clear Thesis Statement for an Argumentative Essay
• Supporting Arguments with Relevant Evidence, Examples, & Logical Reasoning
• Organizing Arguments Coherently
• Writing Persuasive Texts (e.g., letters of complaint, proposals - basic)

📝 Summarizing & Paraphrasing

• Accurately Summarizing Main Points & Supporting Details of Longer Texts
• Effective Paraphrasing to Avoid Plagiarism, Maintaining Original Meaning
• Integrating Summarized/Paraphrased Information into Own Writing (basic)

📧 Genre-Specific Writing

• Writing Formal Emails & Letters for Various Purposes (applications, inquiries, complaints)
• Writing Structured Reports (e.g., book report, event report, simple business report)
• Writing Clear Essays on a Variety of Topics (for & against, advantages/disadvantages)

C1 (Advanced)

🧱 Sentence Construction & ¶️ Text Organization (Sophistication)

• Using a Wide Range of Complex Sentence Structures with Accuracy & Stylistic Effect
• Crafting Well-Developed, Coherent, and Sophisticated Paragraphs & Essays
• Mastering a Variety of Rhetorical Structures for Different Text Types

🔗 Cohesion & Coherence (Advanced)

• Using Sophisticated Cohesive Devices and Discourse Markers to Create Seamless Flow
• Ensuring Global Coherence Throughout Lengthy and Complex Texts

🧐 Planning, Drafting, Revising & Editing (Expert)

• Advanced Planning & Structuring of Complex Written Pieces
• Critical Self-Revision for Content, Style, Tone, and Impact
• Advanced Editing Skills for Polished, Professional-Standard Writing

🎯 Audience, Purpose & Register (Mastery)

• Adapting Writing Style, Tone, and Content Flexibly for Diverse Audiences & Purposes
• Mastering Nuances of Register and Formality in Various Professional & Academic Contexts
• Using Persuasive and Rhetorical Language Effectively and Appropriately

🗣️ Argumentative & Persuasive Writing (Advanced)

• Constructing Complex, Well-Supported, and Nuanced Arguments
• Effectively Addressing Counter-Arguments and Rebuttals
• Using a Range of Persuasive Techniques and Rhetorical Devices
• Developing a Strong Authorial Voice

📝 Summarizing & Paraphrasing (Critical Synthesis)

• Critically Synthesizing Information from Multiple Sources in Summaries & Paraphrases
• Integrating Source Material Smoothly and Ethically into Own Writing

📧 Genre-Specific Writing (Professional & Academic)

• Writing Complex Reports, Proposals, and Formal Correspondence
• Writing Well-Structured Academic Essays, Research Papers (introduction to conventions)
• Crafting Effective Professional Communications (e.g., cover letters, CVs/resumes, memos)

🎓 Academic Writing Conventions

• Understanding and Applying Principles of Academic Integrity (Avoiding Plagiarism)
• Basic Referencing and Citation Styles (e.g., APA, MLA - introduction)
• Using Appropriate Academic Vocabulary and Objective Tone

C2 (Proficiency)

✍️🧱¶️🔗 Overall Writing Mastery

• Producing Clear, Smoothly Flowing, Complex Text in an Appropriate and Effective Style
• Demonstrating Masterful Control of Organizational Patterns, Connectors, and Cohesive Devices
• Writing with Flexibility, Precision, and Sophistication across a Full Range of Genres

🧐🎯🗣️ Critical & Creative Expression

• Crafting Highly Persuasive, Nuanced, and Sophisticated Arguments
• Writing Critically and Analytically on Complex Subjects with Insight
• Employing a Full Range of Rhetorical and Stylistic Devices with Artistic Control
• Developing a Distinctive and Mature Authorial Voice

📝📧🎓 Genre Expertise & Adaptation

• Mastering a Wide Variety of Complex Written Genres (academic, professional, creative)
• Adapting Writing Effortlessly to Any Purpose, Audience, or Context
• Writing Publishable-Quality Material (e.g., articles, reports, literary pieces)
• Full Command of Academic Writing Conventions, including Complex Referencing