Participle Clauses
Advanced Sentence Reduction
⚠️ Golden Rule: The Subject must be the same in both parts of the sentence!
Original (Before)
After he had finished his work, he went home.
Reduced (After)
Having finished his work, he went home.
⏱️ Sequence of Events
Walking down the street, I saw Dara.
កំពុងដើរតាមផ្លូវ ខ្ញុំបានឃើញតារា (Actions happen same time)
Original
Because she was tired, she slept early.
Reduced
Being tired, she slept early.
💡 Cause & Effect
Not knowing the way, I used GPS.
ដោយសារមិនស្គាល់ផ្លូវ ខ្ញុំបានប្រើ GPS
Original
It rained hard, so it caused floods.
Reduced
It rained hard, causing floods.
💥 Consequence
The bomb exploded, destroying the bridge.
គ្រាប់បែកបានផ្ទុះ បណ្តាលឲ្យខូចស្ពាន
Original
If it is used properly, it is safe.
Reduced
Used properly, it is safe.
🔧 If / Unless
Seen from a distance, it looks real.
បើមើលពីចម្ងាយ វាដូចរបស់ពិត
News Report 📰
Formal English in Action
Reporter 🎤
Standing in front of the Royal Palace, I can see thousands of people.
Studio 📺
Why are they there, Soma?
Reporter 🎤
Hoping to see the King, many arrived at dawn.
Reporter 🎤
Traffic is heavy, causing delays on Riverside.
Reduction Challenge 🧠
Rewrite mentally, then choose.
"Because I felt sick, I went home."
"After he had eaten, he slept."
Check for Error (Dangling Participle):
"Walking down the street, the trees were beautiful."
Mission 📝
Shorten the sentences.
Rewrite in your notebook:
-
1. Because I live in PP, I know the city.
➔ Living in PP, I know the city. -
2. After she finished the book, she cried.
➔ Having... -
3. He fell down, and he broke his leg.
➔ He fell down, breaking...