Grammar: ⚙️ Verbs in Depth: Mastery (C1) - Lesson 5: Reduced Relative Clauses (using participles: The man sitting over there...)

The Grammar Lab

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Cutting the Clutter

កាត់បន្ថយប្រយោគ (Reduced Relative Clauses)

Advanced writers don't use more words; they use fewer words. We can shorten relative clauses to make sentences elegant and concise!

អ្នកសរសេរកម្រិតខ្ពស់ មិនប្រើពាក្យច្រើនទេ គឺពួកគេសរសេរឲ្យខ្លីតែមានន័យ។ យើងអាចបង្រួញ Relative Clauses ឲ្យខ្លី ដើម្បីឲ្យប្រយោគមើលទៅរលូន និងមានកម្រិតខ្ពស់!

architecture

architecture The Formula

រូបមន្តនៃការបង្រួញ

To reduce a relative clause, simply drop the relative pronoun (who/which/that) AND the "be" verb.

Who/Which + is/are/was ➔ Participle (-ing / V3)

directions_run

directions_run Active Voice (-ing)

កិរិយាសព្ទធ្វើសកម្មភាព (ប្រើ -ing)

If the noun is DOING the action, use the Present Participle (-ing).

The man who is standing there is my boss. បុរសដែលកំពុងឈរនៅទីនោះ គឺជាមេរបស់ខ្ញុំ។

People who live living in Siem Reap are lucky. អ្នកដែលរស់នៅសៀមរាប គឺពិតជាសំណាង។

history_edu

history_edu Passive Voice (V3)

កិរិយាសព្ទរងអំពើ (ប្រើ V3)

If the noun is RECEIVING the action, use the Past Participle (V3 / -ed).

The laptop which was stolen was mine. កុំព្យូទ័រដែលត្រូវបានគេលួចនោះ គឺជារបស់ខ្ញុំ។

Temples that are built in Siem Reap are old. ប្រាសាទដែលត្រូវបានសាងសង់នៅសៀមរាប មានអាយុកាលចំណាស់ណាស់។

warning The Object Trap!

Subject vs. Object

(អ្នកអាចបង្រួញប្រយោគបាន លុះត្រាតែ Relative Pronoun (who/which) នោះដើរតួជា "ប្រធាន-Subject" នៃឃ្លានោះ។ បើវាជាកម្មបទ យើងគ្រាន់តែលុបវាចោល តែមិនបាច់ថែម -ing ទេ!)

The car buying is fast. close

(Original: The car that I bought. 'I' is the subject, so NO participle!)

The car that I bought is fast. check

(Just omit 'that'. Keep 'I bought' normal.)

Cutting the Clutter 🎬

Watch Teacher Sopheak explain how to cross out unnecessary words to make your English sound highly academic. Pay attention to the "Object Trap" at the end!

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Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យចំណេះដឹង

directions_run Active

Reduce this: "The boy who is playing outside is my son."

(តើប្រយោគបង្រួញមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវ?)

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history_edu Passive

Reduce this: "The letter which was written by him is lost."

(តើប្រយោគបង្រួញមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវ?)

gpp_maybe TRICKY QUESTION!

Can you reduce:
"The food that she cooked is good."

(តើយើងអាចបង្រួញប្រយោគនេះទៅជា "The food cooking..." បានទេ?)

psychology

psychology Present Simple Tense

Reduce: "People who live here are nice."

(ទោះអត់មាន 'be' ក៏ដោយ តើយើងបង្រួញវាបែបណា?)

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Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Cut it Down content_cut (សរសេរប្រយោគនេះឡើងវិញ ដោយបង្រួញវា (Reduce): "The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.")

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Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

News Hunt search (អានអត្ថបទព័ត៌មានភាសាអង់គ្លេសមួយ ហើយព្យាយាមរកមើលប្រយោគដែលមានប្រើ Reduced Clause ឲ្យបាន ១។)

architecture

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Build Your Own architecture (បង្កើតប្រយោគ C1 ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួនមួយ ដោយប្រើ Past Participle (V3)។ ឧទាហរណ៍: "The car parked outside is mine.")

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

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Recent Questions

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Serey 2 hours ago

Teacher, if the sentence is "The man who owns the car", there is no "be" verb (is/are). How do I reduce it?

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SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Hi Serey! Great question! If there is no "be" verb, you just drop the relative pronoun ("who") and change the main verb to its -ing form. So, "The man who owns the car" becomes "The man OWNING the car." 💡

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Vireak 4 hours ago

Can I write "The man seeing" instead of "The man who I saw"?

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SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 3 hours ago

No, Vireak! That is the "Object Trap". If you say "The man seeing," it means the man is looking at something (active). If you mean "The man who I saw", 'who' is the object. You cannot use a participle. You just drop the 'who': "The man I saw." 🛑