Grammar: ✨ Grammar Essentials: 🧩 Parts of Speech & 🏗️ Sentence Structure (Advanced) (B2) - Lesson 9: Wishes & Hopes about the Present/Future (I wish/If only + Past Simple; I hope + Present/Future)

ESL Cambodia 🇰🇭

Wish vs. Hope

Dream vs. Reality

🧞‍♂️ Wish UNREAL / IMPOSSIBLE
(Not true now)

🤞 Hope REAL / POSSIBLE
(Can happen)

Structure 1: Wish (Present Regret)

Wish + Past Simple

We use PAST tense to show it is not real.

I wish I had a car.

ខ្ញុំ ước ថាខ្ញុំមានឡាន (ប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំអត់មាន)

I wish I were taller.

ខ្ញុំ ước ថាខ្ញុំខ្ពស់ជាងនេះ

Structure 2: Hope (Future Desire)

Hope + Present / Future

We use PRESENT tense for things that can happen.

I hope I pass the exam.

ខ្ញុំសង្ឃឹមថាខ្ញុំប្រឡងជាប់

I hope it doesn't rain.

ខ្ញុំសង្ឃឹមថាមិនភ្លៀង

Traffic Jam 🛵

Dara is stuck in Phnom Penh.

Dara 🧑

Ugh. The traffic is terrible today.

Dara 🧑

I wish I had a helicopter! 🚁

Bopha 👩

Haha. That is impossible.

Bopha 👩

I hope you arrive on time.

🔍 Why?

• Wish + Had: Dara does not have a helicopter (Unreal).
• Hope + Arrive: Dara can arrive on time (Possible).

Reality Check 🧠

Wish or Hope?

Scenario: You want to win the lottery (Very unlikely).

Scenario: Your friend is sick. You want them to feel better (Possible).

Grammar Check: "I wish I ___ rich."

Mission 📝

3 Sentences

Complete these:

1. Something you don't have:

I wish I had _____________.
(e.g., a big house, a fast car)

2. A future goal:

I hope I _____________.
(e.g., get a good job)

3. About the weather:

I wish it weren't so _____________.