Lesson 1: Integrated Grammar Practice & Error Analysis

Welcome to B2 Review! At this upper-intermediate level, you already know a lot of vocabulary and grammar rules. However, achieving fluency in professional emails or university essays means learning how to spot and fix your own subtle mistakes.

Today, we will analyze common errors English learners make when building complex sentences. By learning to proofread your own work, you will take a massive step toward true fluency.

warning Professional Tip: Relative Clause Pronouns

A very common error in B2 writing is repeating the object inside a relative clause. Students often write: "The temple that we visited it was beautiful." In English, the word "that" replaces "it". You must delete the extra pronoun: "The temple that we visited was beautiful."

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Error Analysis Cards

Tenses

Perfect Continuous

Used for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present moment, often with "for" or "since".

I am working here since 2023.

I have been working here since 2023.

Error: Using Present Continuous (am working) with "since". Correct: Use Present Perfect Continuous (have been working).

Structure

Conditionals (1st)

Used to talk about a real or very probable situation in the future.

If it will rain tomorrow, we will cancel the tour.

If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the tour.

Error: Using "will" inside the "If" clause. Correct: The "If" clause must use the Present Simple (rains).

Structure

Relative Clauses

Used to define or identify the noun that precedes them.

The guide who he showed us around was fantastic.

The guide who showed us around was fantastic.

Error: Repeating the pronoun "he" after "who". Correct: "Who" already acts as the subject, so delete "he".

Modals

Modals of Deduction

Using modal verbs to express how certain we are about a situation based on evidence.

They have been driving all day; they must to be exhausted.

They have been driving all day; they must be exhausted.

Error: Adding "to" after "must". Correct: Modal verbs are always followed by the bare infinitive (no "to").

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Proofreading Challenge

mail Reviewing a Formal Email

You are proofreading an email to a client. Which sentence is completely CORRECT?

map Correcting a Tour Description

Find the ERROR in this tour description: "The ancient temple, which it was built in the 12th century, is stunning."

psychology Logical Deductions

Your colleague has been speaking English perfectly with the Australian tourists for an hour. What is the correct deduction?

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Study Resources

Lesson Summary & Review

Let's review the key grammar rules from the error analysis module to ensure you can self-correct your own writing.

1. Present Perfect Continuous vs. Present Continuous

If an action started in the past and is still happening (especially when using "for" or "since"), you must use the Present Perfect Continuous.

• Incorrect: I am studying English for two years.
• Correct: I have been studying English for two years.

2. First Conditional Structure

When talking about a probable future result based on a condition, the "if" clause must remain in the present simple tense. Do not double up on the future tense.

• Incorrect: If I will see him, I will tell him.
• Correct: If I see him, I will tell him.