The Grammar Lab: Modals of Ability & Obligation

Lesson 8: Modals in Depth
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Ability & Obligation

សមត្ថភាព និង កាតព្វកិច្ច

Modals are helper verbs that change the mood of a sentence. They show if you can do something or if you must do something.

កិរិយាសព្ទជំនួយទាំងនេះបញ្ជាក់ថា តើអ្នកមានសមត្ថភាពធ្វើអ្វីមួយ ឬអ្នកមានកាតព្វកិច្ចត្រូវតែធ្វើវា។
💪

Ability (Can / Could) 💪

សមត្ថភាព (អាច / ធ្លាប់អាច)
I can ride a bicycle. Skill happening now. ខ្ញុំអាចជិះកង់បាន។
She can speak English. Skill happening now. នាងអាចនិយាយភាសាអង់គ្លេសបាន។
We could see the temples yesterday. Ability in the past. ពួកយើងអាចមើលឃើញប្រាសាទកាលពីម្សិលមិញ។
He cannot fix the bike. No ability now. (Can't) គាត់មិនអាចជួសជុលកង់បានទេ។
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Obligation (Must / Have to) 👮

កាតព្វកិច្ច (ត្រូវតែ / មានកាតព្វកិច្ច)
Guides must wear a uniform. Strong written rule. មគ្គុទ្ទេសក៍ទេសចរណ៍ត្រូវតែពាក់ឯកសណ្ឋាន។
Guests have to book in advance. General fact or requirement. ភ្ញៀវត្រូវតែកក់ទុកជាមុន។
I have to send an email. Daily routine obligation. ខ្ញុំត្រូវផ្ញើអ៊ីមែល។

Pick the Modal 🔄

ជ្រើសរើសកិរិយាសព្ទជំនួយឱ្យត្រូវនឹងបរិបទ

Click the cards to see which Modal fits the context.

Skill (Now)Context
Skill (Past)Context
ForbiddenContext
Not NecessaryContext
Strong RuleContext
Daily RoutineContext
The Prohibition Trap!

"Mustn't" and "Don't have to" are completely different!

(ពាក្យ Mustn't មានន័យថា ហាមដាច់ខាត។ ចំណែកឯ Don't have to មានន័យថា មិនចាំបាច់ធ្វើទេ ប៉ុន្តែបើចង់ធ្វើក៏បាន។)
"You mustn't leave trash on the tour."
Forbidden! Stop! ❌ (ហាមដាច់ខាត)
"You don't have to bring water."
Relax. We provide it! ✅ (មិនចាំបាច់ទេ)

Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យរហ័ស
Context Fill
Tomorrow is a holiday. You ___ come to the office.
(ថ្ងៃស្អែកជាថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាក។ អ្នកមិនចាំបាច់មកការិយាល័យទេ។)
Past Ability
When I was young, I ___ ride a bike very well.
(កាលខ្ញុំនៅក្មេង ខ្ញុំអាចជិះកង់បានយ៉ាងល្អ។)
LITERAL TRAP! ❌
You are leading a tour. You want to tell guests it is strictly forbidden to touch the temple carvings. You say:
(តើអ្នកគួរនិយាយប្រយោគមួយណាដើម្បីប្រាប់ភ្ញៀវថា ហាមប៉ះចម្លាក់ប្រាសាទដាច់ខាត?)
Context Fill
Tour guides ___ know the route well.
(មគ្គុទ្ទេសក៍ទេសចរណ៍ត្រូវតែស្គាល់ផ្លូវឱ្យបានច្បាស់។)
Present Ability
I ___ speak three languages fluently.
(ខ្ញុំអាចនិយាយបីភាសាបានយ៉ាងស្ទាត់ជំនាញ។)

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Video Lesson

មេរៀនជាវីដេអូ

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!
U

Recent Questions

V
Vireak 2 hours ago

Is it better to use "must" or "have to" when writing emails to staff?

Reply 👍 8
SP
Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Hi Vireak! For professional emails, "have to" sounds more natural and less aggressive. "Must" sounds very strict, like a firm order from a boss or a legal document. 📧

N
Nita 5 hours ago

If "must not" means forbidden, what does "cannot" mean?

Reply 👍 5
SP
Sopheak Pich Teacher 4 hours ago

"Cannot" (or can't) means you physically do not have the ability, or something is impossible. "Must not" means you are ordered not to do it. 💡

R
Ratha 8 hours ago

Can we use "could" for the future? Like "We could go on a tour tomorrow".

Reply 👍 12
SP
Sopheak Pich Teacher 7 hours ago

Yes! While "could" is the past tense of "can" for ability, we also use "could" to suggest an idea or possibility for the future. Excellent point! 🚲

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