Grammar: ⚙️ Verbs in Depth: ⏳ Perfect Continuous & Future Perfect Tenses (B2) - Lesson 3: Past Perfect Simple (Actions completed before another past action) - Review & Expansion

ESL Cambodia 🇰🇭

Past Perfect

The Past of the Past (អតីតកាលនៃអតីតកាល)

Time Travel ⏳

1st Event

Left home

2nd Event

Arrived

NOW

"When I arrived, he had left."

FORMULA

had + Past Participle (V3)

(had gone, had eaten, had finished)

Examples (ឧទាហរណ៍)

When I got to the party, everyone had gone home.

ពេលខ្ញុំទៅដល់ពិធីជប់លៀង អ្នករាល់គ្នាបានទៅផ្ទះអស់ហើយ

She had already eaten lunch before I arrived.

នាងបានញ៉ាំអាហារថ្ងៃត្រង់រួចហើយ មុនពេលខ្ញុំមកដល់

I was tired because I had worked all day.

ខ្ញុំអស់កម្លាំង ព្រោះខ្ញុំបានធ្វើការពេញមួយថ្ងៃ

The Missing Phone 📱

A detective story.

Yesterday, Bopha lost her phone.

Bopha 👩

I couldn't find my phone! When I checked my bag, it wasn't there.

Sok 🧑

Did you leave it at the coffee shop?

Bopha 👩

Yes! I realized I had left it on the table.

Sok 🧑

But when you went back, had someone taken it?

Bopha 👩

Luckily, the staff had found it and kept it safe.

Time Detective 🕵️‍♀️

Which happened first?

1. 🌧️ Rain stopped.
2. 🚶 I went outside.

Complete the sentence:

"I went outside after the rain _____."

1. 🚌 Bus left.
2. 🏃 Dara arrived.

"When Dara arrived, the bus _____."

"She was hungry because she _____ breakfast."

Mission 📝

Explain "Why"

Finish the sentences:

Use because + had done.

Example: I was happy because I had passed the exam.

• 1. The road was wet because it had rained.
• 2. I was late because I _______________.
• 3. She was full because she _______________.