Grammar: ✨ Grammar Essentials: ✏️ Writing Mechanics - Advanced (B2) - Lesson 1: Advanced Comma Usage (e.g., with non-defining clauses, appositives, complex series)

ESL Cambodia 🇰🇭
Advanced Commas
Visualizing "Extra Info"
My brother , who is a doctor , lives in Kampot.

The blue part is Extra Info.
If you delete it, the sentence is still true!

🧩 1. Non-defining Clauses
Use commas if the information is extra (not necessary to know who we are talking about).
Angkor Wat, which is famous, is in Siem Reap.
អង្គរវត្ត ដែលជាកន្លែងល្បី មានទីតាំងនៅសៀមរាប។
*We know which temple it is (Angkor Wat), so "which is famous" is just extra details.
📛 2. Appositives (Renaming)
When you rename a noun right next to it.
Mr. Sok, my teacher, is very kind.
លោកសុខ ដែលជាគ្រូរបស់ខ្ញុំ គឺចិត្តល្អណាស់។
🚦 3. Introductory Phrases
Use a comma after starting words or transition phrases.
However, I didn't go.
ទោះយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ ខ្ញុំមិនបានទៅទេ។
Last year, I visited Bokor.
ឆ្នាំមុន ខ្ញុំបានទៅលេងបូកគោ។

Planning the Trip 🗺️

Notice the pauses (commas).

Dara 🧑
Bopha, who loves history, wants to go to the museum.
Veasna 👨
Really? The museum, which is near the palace, is closed today.
Dara 🧑
Oh no. However, we can go to the market instead.
Veasna 👨
Good idea. My brother, a tuk-tuk driver, can take us there.

Comma Check ⚡

Which sentence is punctuated correctly?

Identifying the Appositive:
Non-defining Clause (Extra Info):
Introductory Phrase:

Mission 📝

Write about people you know!

Use Appositives (rename nouns):

Combine the sentences using commas.

Example:

Dara is my friend. He is smart.
Dara, my friend, is smart.

  • 1. Ms. Devi is a nurse. She works here.
    ➔ Ms. Devi, _________, works here.
  • 2. Phnom Penh is the capital. It is big.
    ➔ Phnom Penh, _________, is big.

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