✍️ Writing: B2 - Writing Structured Reports
Objective: To understand the purpose and basic structure of formal reports, enabling you to present factual information clearly and objectively.
- Identify the key characteristics of report writing.
- Learn the fundamental sections of a simple report: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion.
- Explore examples of common report types such as event reports and book reports.
- Practice outlining and identifying content for different report sections.
Listening Tip: Click on text parts with a icon or underlined text to hear them read aloud! This helps with pronunciation and understanding.
Organizing Factual Information
Reports are a common type of writing in academic and professional settings. Their main goal is to present factual information about a specific topic, event, or investigation in a clear, organized, and objective manner.
Today, we'll focus on the basic structure and characteristics of simple reports, such as event reports or book reports, which are often required at the B2 level.
What is Report Writing?
A report is a formal piece of writing that presents and analyzes information about a specific topic, event, finding, or situation. Reports are based on facts, observations, or research rather than personal opinions (unless opinions are specifically requested, like in a recommendation section).
General Characteristics of Reports:
- Objective Tone: Present information neutrally, without personal bias or emotional language. (You can review "Presenting Factual Information Objectively" in another lesson).
- Clear Structure: Organized logically, usually with distinct sections, often marked by headings or subheadings.
- Concise Language: Clear, direct, and to the point. Avoid unnecessary jargon; if technical terms are used, they should be appropriate for the audience or explained.
- Factual & Accurate: Information should be based on evidence, data, or verifiable observations.
- Well-Organized: Information is presented in a logical sequence that is easy for the reader to follow.
- Audience-Aware: Written with a specific reader or group of readers in mind.
Basic Structure of a Simple Report
While specific report formats can vary, many simple reports (like those you might write at B2 level) follow a general three-part structure:
- Title: Clear, concise, and accurately reflects the report's content.
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I. Introduction (or Background/Purpose):
- What is the report about? (Topic)
- Why was it written? (Purpose of the report)
- What specific aspects will the report cover? (Scope/brief overview of sections)
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II. Body (Main Findings / Information / Details):
- This is the longest part of the report.
- Presents the factual information, observations, data, or details.
- Organized into logical paragraphs or sections, often with subheadings for clarity (especially in longer B2 reports).
- Each paragraph/section should focus on one key aspect or finding.
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III. Conclusion:
- Briefly summarizes the main findings or key points from the body.
- May restate the report's purpose (in different words).
- Usually does NOT introduce new information or major points.
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IV. Recommendations (Optional, depending on the report type):
- If the purpose of the report includes making suggestions or giving advice.
- Recommendations should be based logically on the findings presented in the body.
- They should be clear, specific, and actionable.
Using headings and subheadings for different sections is highly recommended for B2 level reports to improve organization and readability.
Examples: Simple Report Types for B2
A. Simple Event Report (e.g., School Club Activity)
Title: Report on the Annual School Science Fair
Introduction
This report provides an overview of the Annual School Science Fair held on May 25th, 2025. The purpose of the fair was to encourage student interest in science and showcase their projects. This report will cover key activities, participation, and overall observations.
Key Activities and Participation (Body Section 1)
The fair featured over 30 student projects from grades 9 and 10, covering topics from biology to physics. A panel of science teachers judged the projects. Additionally, there was a guest lecture by a local scientist, Dr. Chen, which was well-attended by approximately 100 students and parents.
Highlights and Observations (Body Section 2)
A major highlight was the interactive volcano model created by Grade 10 students, which attracted a large crowd. Overall, the quality of projects was high, and students demonstrated enthusiasm and creativity. However, it was noted that more space might be needed for displays in future years.
Conclusion
In summary, the Annual School Science Fair was a successful event that achieved its aim of promoting science. The student projects were impressive, and the guest lecture was a valuable addition. Consideration should be given to a larger venue for next year's fair.
B. Simple Book Report (Focus on Summary & Basic Analysis)
Title: Book Report: "The Old Man and the Sea" by Ernest Hemingway
Introduction
This report discusses Ernest Hemingway's novella, "The Old Man and the Sea." It will provide a brief summary of the plot and then explore one of its major themes: the struggle against nature.
Plot Summary (Body Section 1)
The story follows Santiago, an aging fisherman, who endures a long and arduous struggle to catch a giant marlin in the ocean. After finally succeeding, he battles sharks that devour his prize catch, leaving him with only the skeleton by the time he returns to shore.
Theme: Struggle Against Nature (Body Section 2)
A key theme in the novella is the individual's heroic struggle against the powerful and often indifferent forces of nature. Santiago's battle with the marlin and then the sharks demonstrates human endurance, courage, and determination even in the face of defeat. Although he loses his fish, he is not truly defeated in spirit.
Conclusion
In conclusion, "The Old Man and the Sea" is a powerful story about human resilience. Through its simple plot and strong themes, it explores the nature of courage, loss, and dignity in the face of overwhelming challenges.
✍️ Practice: Structuring Reports!
Activity 1: Identify Report Sections
Read the sentences from a simple report about a "Community Recycling Drive." Decide which section of a report each sentence most likely belongs to (Introduction, Body, Conclusion, or Recommendations).
Activity 2: Plan a Simple Event Report
Imagine your class organized a "Community Clean-Up Day." You need to write a short report about it. List 1-2 key points you would include for each section:
✨ Tips for Writing Structured Reports ✨
- Understand Your Purpose and Audience: Why are you writing the report, and who will read it? This will influence your content, structure, and level of detail.
- Plan with an Outline: Before writing, create an outline with clear sections and headings/subheadings. This is crucial for organization.
- Be Objective and Factual: Present information without personal bias. Support claims with evidence or observations.
- Use Clear and Concise Language: Avoid jargon unless necessary (and explain it). Get straight to the point.
- Structure Paragraphs Well: Each body paragraph should have a clear topic sentence and supporting details.
- Use Headings and Subheadings: These break up the text and make it easier for readers to find specific information.
- Proofread Carefully: Errors can undermine the credibility of your report.
Summary: Presenting Information Clearly! 🎉
Learning to write well-structured reports is a very valuable skill for academic studies and many professions. By focusing on clarity, objectivity, and logical organization, you can effectively communicate complex information to a diverse audience. Keep practicing, and your reports will be clear and impactful!