Speaking: Grammar in Speaking A1 - Lesson 4: Using "this/that/these/those

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Welcome to your active communication layout! I am លោកគ្រូ សុភ័ក្ត. When student cohorts across Cambodia prepare spoken descriptions, navigating how to point at physical items cleanly is vital. In English conversation, your chosen token shifts immediately depending on whether a target is near your hand or far out in the field.

Let us go through this structural document together to master the vocal delivery, phonetic lengths, and verb rules for all four pointing terms.

សូមស្វាគមន៍មកកាន់មេរៀនប្រព័ន្ធសន្ទនា! ខ្ញុំបាទគឺជា លោកគ្រូ សុភ័ក្ត។ នៅក្នុងភាសាអង់គ្លេស យើងប្រើប្រាស់ពាក្យចង្អុលបង្ហាញផ្សេងៗគ្នាទៅតាមចម្ងាយជិត ឬឆ្ងាយ និងចំនួននៃវត្ថុនោះ។
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Proximal Pointing Units (Near)

When speaking about an object you can physically touch or that sits within your immediate personal space, you must utilize proximal demonstratives. We separate single items from plural groups by altering both vowel length and terminal execution.

សព្វនាមចង្អុលបង្ហាញវត្ថុនៅជិត (Proximal) តម្រូវឱ្យបែងចែកដាច់ស្រឡះរវាងវត្ថុតែមួយ (Singular) និងវត្ថុច្រើន (Plural) តាមរយៈទម្រង់សំឡេង។
A hand holding a manual printable grid template sketch profile
Near + Singular
This
This sketch /ðɪs/ short vowel
គំនូរព្រាងនេះ (វត្ថុមួយនៅជិត)

Spoken Example: This sketch in my hand outlines a custom layout structure.

ឧទាហរណ៍៖ គំនូរព្រាងនៅក្នុងដៃរបស់ខ្ញុំនេះ បង្ហាញពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធប្លង់កែច្នៃ។
Custom apparel printed t-shirts stacked on table layout
Near + Plural
These
These shirts /ðiːz/ long vowel + /z/
អាវយឺតទាំងនេះ (វត្ថុច្រើននៅជិត)

Spoken Example: These shirts right here are ready for local delivery in Battambang.

ឧទាហរណ៍៖ អាវយឺតទាំងនេះនៅទីនេះ គឺរួចរាល់សម្រាប់ការដឹកជញ្ជូនក្នុងស្រុក។
warning The Acoustic Vowel Trap: This vs. These

A major pronunciation blocker for Cambodian speakers is executing 'this' and 'these' identically. To speak fluently, you must cut 'this' short with a sharp /s/ hiss, and expand 'these' with a long /i:/ vowel concluding in a vibrating /z/ buzz sound channel.

ប្រយ័ត្ន! សំឡេងពាក្យ This (ខ្លី បញ្ចប់ដោយ ស) និង These (វែង បញ្ចប់ដោយ ហ្ស៊) គឺខុសគ្នាស្រឡះ។ សាកល្បងស្តាប់ការប្រៀបធៀប៖
This (/ðɪs/ short)
These (/ðiːz/ long + buzz)
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Distal Pointing Units (Far)

When pointing out objects located away from your body—such as across a street, on a distant temple wall, or across an operational studio space—you must shift to distal operators.

សព្វនាមចង្អុលបង្ហាញវត្ថុនៅឆ្ងាយ (Distal) ប្រែប្រួលទៅតាមលក្ខណៈចំនួនឯកវចនៈ និងពហុវចនៈដូចគ្នា។
Traditional handmade Cambodian bamboo fish trap apparatus
Far + Singular
That
That fish trap /ðæt/ flat vowel
ទ្រូត្រីនោះ (វត្ថុមួយនៅឆ្ងាយ)

Spoken Example: That fish trap hanging on the wall is an authenic traditional craft piece.

ឧទាហរណ៍៖ ទ្រូត្រីនៅជញ្ជាំងនោះ គឺជាស្នាដៃសិប្បកម្មប្រពៃណីពិតប្រាកដ។
3D animated style cartoon character profile line
Far + Plural
Those
Those characters /ðoʊz/ round vowel
តួអង្គទាំងនោះ (វត្ថុច្រើននៅឆ្ងាយ)

Spoken Example: Those characters on the screen display excellent rendering quality.

ឧទាហរណ៍៖ តួអង្គទាំងនោះនៅលើអេក្រង់ បង្ហាញពីគុណភាពរូបភាពយ៉ាងច្បាស់។

In Action: Coordinating Digital Assets

A
Is this your design sketch? តើនេះគឺជាគំនូរព្រាងរចនារបស់អ្នកមែនទេ?
B
No, those are my sketches on the remote table. ទេ ទាំងនោះគឺជាគំនូរព្រាងរបស់ខ្ញុំនៅលើតុខាងនោះឯណោះ។
warning The Structural Copula Trap: Is vs. Are

A frequent syntactical drop occurs when matching pointing terms with verb connections. You must strictly bind singular paths (This / That) with is, and plural paths (These / Those) with are. Breaking this rule compromises professional discourse clarity.

កំហុសរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ៖ This/That ត្រូវតែប្រើជាមួយ "is" ចំណែកឯ These/Those ត្រូវតែប្រើជាមួយ "are" ដាច់ខាត។
This are my shirts.
Error: Plural copula bound to singular unit.
cancel
These are my shirts.
Accurate structural agreement verified.
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quiz

Acoustic Verification Module

hearing Spatial Metric Evaluation
Analyze the proximity: An object is inside your hand (Near) and contains only one unit (Singular). Choose the target token:
(វត្ថុស្ថិតនៅក្នុងដៃរបស់អ្នក ហើយមានតែមួយ។ ជ្រើសរើសពាក្យត្រឹមត្រូវ៖)
hearing Distal Group Discrimination
Analyze the proximity: Multiple birds are visible flying far away in the sky (Far + Plural). Complete the stream: "Do you see ________ birds?"
psychology Copula Structural Agreement
Complete the unvoiced gap using proper structural agreement: "These ________ my favorite character designs."
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