Speaking: Fluency & Coherence B2 - Lesson 2: Using Sophisticated Discourse Markers (Furthermore, Nevertheless)

Speaking: Fluency & Coherence B2

Using Sophisticated Discourse Markers

What you will learn: By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use a range of sophisticated discourse markers to structure your arguments and express complex ideas more clearly and formally.

A Toolbox of Advanced Connectors 🛠️

To improve fluency at the B2 level, we need to move beyond basic connectors. Think of these markers as "upgrades" for the words you already use to create more structured, formal, and intelligent-sounding speech.

To Add a Similar Idea

(instead of 'and' or 'also')

Furthermore, / Moreover, / In addition,

"The new metro will reduce traffic. Furthermore, it will be better for the environment."

To Show a Strong Contrast

(instead of 'but')

Nevertheless, / Nonetheless,

"The forecast predicted rain. Nevertheless, we decided to go on the trip."

To Explain a Result

(instead of 'so')

Consequently, / As a result,

"He forgot to set his alarm. Consequently, he was late for the meeting."

To Give an Example

(instead of 'for example')

For instance, / To illustrate,

"Technology has changed how we work. To illustrate, many companies now allow remote work."

Discourse Markers in Action 💬

Listen to this short discussion about social media. Notice how Chantha uses discourse markers to structure his argument clearly.

Professor: "Chantha, what is your assessment of social media's impact on young people?"

"Well, the impact is complex. It allows them to connect with friends. For instance, they can join study groups online. Moreover, it gives them a platform for creativity. Nevertheless, there is a downside regarding mental health. As a result, I think it's crucial that we teach digital literacy in schools."

How to Use Them Correctly

💡 Pronunciation & Pausing

The way you say these discourse markers is very important. They almost always come at the beginning of a sentence and are followed by a short, clear pause. This pause signals to the listener that you are transitioning to a new but related idea.

Practice the pattern: Marker + Pause + Idea

• "Furthermore, (pause) the data supports this conclusion."
• "Nevertheless, (pause) we must consider the other side."

Test Your Understanding 🎯

📝 Practice Quiz: Choose the Logical Marker

1. The company spent a huge amount on advertising. __________, its sales did not increase.

A) Moreover
B) Nevertheless
C) Therefore

→ Answer: B. The second part is a surprising contrast to the first.

2. The new law requires all drivers to wear a helmet; __________, it aims to reduce serious injuries.

A) For instance
B) Furthermore
C) Consequently

→ Answer: B. The second part adds another related point/aim of the new law.

3. The flight was delayed by over four hours. __________, many passengers missed their connecting flights.

A) Nonetheless
B) As a result
C) In addition

→ Answer: B. Missing flights is a direct consequence of the long delay.

Key Vocabulary

• Sophisticated (Adjective) | ទំនើប / ស្មុគស្មាញ
  Advanced and complex, showing a high level of understanding.
• Discourse Marker (Noun) | សញ្ញាកថា
  A word or phrase that signals the relationship between ideas.
• Furthermore / Moreover (Adverb) | លើសពីនេះទៀត
  In addition; used to add another supporting point.
• Nevertheless / Nonetheless (Adverb) | ទោះបីជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ
  In spite of that; however; used to show a strong contrast.
• Consequently / As a result (Adverb) | ជាលទ្ធផល
  As a direct result of something.

Your Mission: Upgrade Your Argument ⭐

Your task is to practice replacing basic connectors with more sophisticated ones.

1. Think of a simple argument.
   Example: "Working from home is good. You save money. And you have more flexibility. But it can be lonely."
2. "Upgrade" your argument using markers from this lesson.
3. Example Upgraded Version:
   "Working from home offers advantages. One can save money on transportation. Furthermore, it provides greater flexibility. Nevertheless, the potential for loneliness must be considered."
4. Practice saying your upgraded argument aloud. Remember to pause after each discourse marker.