Reading: Understanding Text Structure, Cohesion & Coherence (Advanced): B2 Lesson 3: Following Shifts in Topic and Focus Within Longer Texts

Text Structure (Advanced)

B2 Lesson 3: Following Topic Shifts

Goal: Identify exactly when and how an author changes the subject or focus using "Signpost Words."

Shift ការផ្លាស់ប្តូរ (Change direction)

Focus ការផ្តោត (Main point)

Signpost សញ្ញាបង្ហាញផ្លូវ (Guide word)

Contrast ការប្រៀបធៀប (Opposite)

Authors use specific words to tell you they are turning the car. Watch the signs!

The U-Turn (Contrast) Words: However, Although, Yet, On the other hand

Means: "Wait, I am changing to the opposite side."

The Turn (Shift Focus) Words: Turning to, Regarding, As for, Meanwhile

Means: "Let's talk about something else now."

Straight Ahead (More Info) Words: Furthermore, Additionally, Moreover

Means: "I am continuing with the same idea."

[Image of Road Sign] [Image of GPS navigation map]

Read this text about Siem Reap and see how the focus changes.

Topic 1: Tourism Boom

Siem Reap has seen massive growth in tourism. Hotels are full, and businesses are thriving.

HOWEVER Topic 2: Environmental Impact

However, this growth brings challenges. Plastic waste is increasing, and water usage is high.

TURNING TO Topic 3: Future Solutions

Turning to the future, the government is planning new eco-friendly zones to protect the city.

"The economy is doing well. On the other hand, inflation is rising."

1. What does "On the other hand" signal? More of the same information. A contrasting/negative point.

"We have discussed the problem. Now, regarding the solution..."

2. What is the author doing? Shifting focus to a new topic (Solution). Repeating the problem.