Reading: Understanding Text Structure, Cohesion & Coherence (Basic): A2 Lesson 2: Understanding Pronoun Referencing (he, she, it, they - simple cases)

Reading: Understanding Text Structure, Cohesion & Coherence (Basic)

A2 Lesson 2: Understanding Pronoun Referencing (he, she, it, they - simple cases)

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Connecting Sentences Together

Good writing does not repeat the same noun over and over. For example, we don't say: "Sophea is a student. Sophea is smart." It sounds boring.

Instead, writers use short words called Pronouns² to replace the noun. This helps connect the sentences, which is called cohesion¹. Today, we will learn how to do pronoun referencing³ to find out who or what a pronoun is talking about.

Part 1: The Four Key Pronouns

These short words take the place of nouns.

Pronoun	Replaces...	Example
he	One boy or man	Mr. Dara → he
she	One girl or woman	My mother → she
it	One animal or thing	The moto → it
they	More than one person or thing	The students → they

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Part 2: Let's Practice Finding the Noun

Look at the examples. The arrow shows which noun the pronoun is replacing.

Sophea is my best friend. → She is very kind.

('She' replaces 'Sophea'.)

My brother has a new moto. → He rides it to school.

('He' replaces 'My brother'.)

I like the old bridge in Kampot. → It is beautiful at sunset.

('It' replaces 'The old bridge'.)

The tourists love the food here. → They often eat fresh seafood.

('They' replaces 'The tourists'.)

Your Turn! Who or What is the Pronoun?

Practice Quiz

Read the sentences and answer the question.

1. My teacher, Ms. Srey, is from Phnom Penh. She moved to Kampot last year.

Who is "She"?

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Answer: Ms. Srey (My teacher).

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2. The children are playing football. They are having fun.

Who are "They"?

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Answer: The children.

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3. The cat is sleeping on the chair. It looks very comfortable.

What is "It"?

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Answer: The cat.

Vocabulary Glossary

1. Cohesion (noun)
   ភាសាខ្មែរ: ភាពស្អិតរមួតនៃអត្ថបទ
   How sentences connect to each other smoothly to make a text easy to read. ↩ back to text
2. Pronoun (noun)
   ភាសាខ្មែរ: សព្វនាម
   A short word that takes the place of a noun (e.g., he, she, it, they, we, you). ↩ back to text
3. Pronoun Referencing (noun)
   ភាសាខ្មែរ: ការយោងសព្វនាម
   The skill of finding which noun a pronoun is referring back to. ↩ back to text

Homework Task

Connect the Sentences!

Complete the second sentence with the correct pronoun: he, she, it, or they.

1. My mother is a great cook. _______ makes the best soup.
2. The books are on the table. _______ are for my English class.
3. My dog likes to play. _______ is very friendly.

(Answers: 1. She, 2. They, 3. It)