Counter & Refute
In C1 writing, you must anticipate what your opponent will say (Counter-argument), and then crush it with a stronger point (Refutation).
Step 1: Acknowledging
Step 2: Refuting
The C1 Formula
Don't attack a fake argument!
Forgetting to Refute!
Debate Mastery 🎬
Watch this Masterclass on structuring academic counter-arguments. Learn how to dismantle opposing views with respect and logic.
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Debate Mission 🎯
Debate Mission 🎯
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Mastery Discussion
Brilliant question, Dalin! A Concession is when you acknowledge that the opponent has a valid point (e.g., "Admittedly, solar panels are expensive"). A Refutation is when you immediately prove why your overall point is STILL better despite that concession (e.g., "...however, they save money long-term"). They work together as a powerful C1 writing team! 🤝📈
Teacher, what is the difference between a "concession" and a "refutation"?