Grammar: ✨ Grammar Essentials: 🧩 Parts of Speech & 🏗️ Sentence Structure (Advanced) (B2) - Lesson 2: Advanced Relative Pronouns: "whose," "whom"

Grammar: B2 Pro

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Whose & Whom

សព្វនាមឈ្នាប់កម្រិតខ្ពស់ (B2)

To speak and write formally, you must master the tricky relative pronouns: Whose and Whom.

ដើម្បីសរសេរ និងនិយាយជាផ្លូវការ អ្នកត្រូវតែចេះប្រើប្រាស់សព្វនាមឈ្នាប់ដ៏ស្មុគស្មាញទាំងនេះ។

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"Whose" (Possession) 🔑

សព្វនាមបញ្ជាក់ពីកម្មសិទ្ធិ (របស់នរណាម្នាក់)

Rule: Whose replaces his, her, their, or its. It shows that something belongs to someone (or something).

For People Whose I met a man whose car was stolen. (ខ្ញុំបានជួបបុរសម្នាក់ ដែលឡានរបស់គាត់ត្រូវបានគេលួច។)

For Companies/Things Whose The company whose profits dropped is closing. (ក្រុមហ៊ុន ដែលប្រាក់ចំណេញរបស់ពួកគេបានធ្លាក់ចុះ កំពុងបិទទ្វារ។)

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"Whom" (Object) 🎯

សព្វនាមបញ្ជាក់ពីកម្មវត្ថុ (អ្នកដែលត្រូវបានគេ...)

Rule: Whom replaces him, her, or them. It is the receiver of the action (the object). It is very formal.

As a Direct Object Whom The woman whom I met yesterday is a doctor. (ស្ត្រីដែលខ្ញុំបានជួបម្សិលមិញគឺជាគ្រូពេទ្យ។) (I met HER. She received the action.)

Formal Business Whom The candidate whom we interviewed was excellent. (បេក្ខជនដែលយើងបានសម្ភាសន៍គឺល្អណាស់។)

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Preposition + Whom ➡️

ធ្នាក់ + Whom (to whom, with whom...)

Rule: Always use whom (never "who") immediately after a preposition (to, for, with, about).

With Prepositions Prep + Whom The person to whom I was speaking is the boss. (អ្នកដែលខ្ញុំកំពុងនិយាយជាមួយ គឺជាមេកង។) (NOT: The person to who I was speaking ❌)

Professional Email Prep + Whom To whom it may concern, (សូមគោរពជូនចំពោះលោក លោកស្រី ដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធ)

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Quantifiers + Whom 📊

បរិមាណ + of whom

Rule: Use of whom after words like some, all, both, many, none to refer to a group of people.

Adding extra info Quantifier + of whom I have two brothers, both of whom are engineers. (ខ្ញុំមានបងប្អូនប្រុសពីរនាក់ ដែលអ្នកទាំងពីរជាវិស្វករ។)

She met several clients, none of whom liked the product. (នាងបានជួបអតិថិជនជាច្រើន ដែលគ្មានអ្នកណាម្នាក់ចូលចិត្តផលិតផលនោះទេ។)

Grammar Traps!

Trap 1: Who vs. Whom trick

If the answer is HE/SHE = Use WHO.
If the answer is HIM/HER = Use WHOM.

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(Who/Whom) did you invite? -> I invited HIM. -> Use Whom!

Trap 2: Whose vs. Who's

Whose = Possession (របស់នរណា)
Who's = Who is / Who has (នរណាគឺជា)

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Who's car is this? ❌
Whose car is this? ✅

Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យរហ័ស

Possession vs Contraction

The girl ___ phone is ringing is my sister.

(ក្មេងស្រីដែលទូរស័ព្ទរបស់នាងកំពុងរោទ៍ គឺជាប្អូនស្រីរបស់ខ្ញុំ។)

Object Pronoun

The man ___ I saw at the bank is our new neighbor.

(បុរសដែលខ្ញុំបានឃើញនៅធនាគារ គឺជាអ្នកជិតខាងថ្មីរបស់យើង។)

PREPOSITION TRAP! ❌

The colleague with ___ I work is very helpful.

(មិត្តរួមការងារដែលខ្ញុំធ្វើការជាមួយ គឺពូកែជួយយកអាសាណាស់។)

Quantifiers

She has three dogs, all of ___ are very friendly.

(នាងមានឆ្កែបីក្បាល ដែលពួកវាទាំងអស់សុទ្ធតែរួសរាយ។)

Non-human Possession

I live in a house ___ roof is red.

(ខ្ញុំរស់នៅក្នុងផ្ទះមួយដែលដំបូលរបស់វាពណ៌ក្រហម។)

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Formal Email 📧 (សរសេរចំណងជើងអ៊ីមែលផ្លូវការមួយទៅកាន់ក្រុមហ៊ុន ដោយផ្តើមដោយ "To whom it may concern,"។)

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Write it down ✍️ (សរសេរប្រយោគ ១ ពណ៌នាពីមិត្តភក្តិរបស់អ្នក ដោយប្រើពាក្យ "whose" ឧទាហរណ៍: I have a friend whose brother is a doctor.)

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Teach a friend 🙋‍♂️ (ពន្យល់មិត្តភក្តិរបស់អ្នកពីវិធីសាស្ត្រ He/Him ដើម្បីបែងចែក Who និង Whom!)

Video Lesson

មេរៀនជាវីដេអូ

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

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Recent Questions

L

Lida 2 hours ago

Can I just use "who" instead of "whom" in everyday speaking?

Reply 👍 18

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

In spoken English, yes! Native speakers use "who" instead of "whom" all the time in casual conversation (e.g., "Who did you invite?"). BUT in formal writing, exams (like IELTS), or right after prepositions ("with whom"), you MUST use "whom". ✍️

V

Visal 5 hours ago

Can I use "whose" for things? Or is it only for people?

Reply 👍 5

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 4 hours ago

Yes, you can use "whose" for things! For example: "I bought a house whose roof needs fixing." (ខ្ញុំបានទិញផ្ទះមួយដែលដំបូលរបស់វាត្រូវជួសជុល). English doesn't have an "of which" possessive word that works easily, so we just use "whose" for everything! 🏠

K

Kosal 8 hours ago

I always forget... is it "Who's bag is this?" or "Whose bag is this?"

Reply 👍 10

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 7 hours ago

"Whose bag is this!" Remember Trap #2 in the Learn tab! "Who's" means "Who is" (Who is bag is this? = Wrong!). "Whose" means possession (របស់នរណា). 🎒