Grammar: 🚀 Advanced Grammar: 💬➡️🗣️ Reported Speech (B2) - Lesson 1: Reported Statements (Tense shifts, pronoun/adverbial changes - comprehensive review)

The Grammar Lab: Reported Statements

record_voice_over

Reported Speech

ការយកសម្តីអ្នកដទៃមកនិយាយប្រាប់បន្ត

Reported Speech is when we tell someone what another person said, without using their exact words.

សម្តីប្រយោល គឺនៅពេលដែលយើងយកសម្តីដែលនរណាម្នាក់បាននិយាយ មកប្រាប់អ្នកផ្សេងបន្ត ដោយមិនបាច់ស្រង់ពាក្យពេចន៍ដើមទាំងស្រុងនោះទេ។

history

history Backshifting

ប្ដូរកាលទៅអតីតកាល (ថយក្រោយមួយជំហាន)

When reporting, the tense usually takes a "step back" into the past.

Present Simple ➔ Past Simple "I like tea." ➔ He said he liked tea.

Past Simple ➔ Past Perfect "I went." ➔ She said she had gone.

Will ➔ Would "I will help." ➔ He said he would help.

sync_alt

sync_alt Time & Pronouns

ប្តូរសព្វនាម និងពេលវេលា

You must shift pronouns (I ➔ He) and time words to match the reporter's perspective.

Pronouns "I am busy." ➔ She said she was busy.

Time Words "Tomorrow." ➔ ...the next day. "Today." ➔ ...that day.

Place "Here." ➔ ...there.

compare_arrows

Let's Compare

ប្រៀបធៀបផ្ទាល់ និងប្រយោល

Direct Speech

"I am busy today," she said.

(សម្តីផ្ទាល់: "ខ្ញុំរវល់ថ្ងៃនេះ" នាងបាននិយាយ។)

Reported Speech

She said (that) she was busy that day.

(am ➔ was, today ➔ that day)

warning The "Present" Trap!

Watch the reporting verb!

(ប្រសិនបើកិរិយាសព្ទរាយការណ៍ស្ថិតក្នុងបច្ចុប្បន្នកាល (ឧ. says) នោះអ្នក មិនចាំបាច់ ប្ដូរកាលនៅខាងក្នុងនោះទេ!)

He says, "I am tired."

He says he was tired. ❌

He says, "I am tired."

He says he is tired. ✅

Reported Speech 🎬

Watch Teacher Sopheak explain the tricky rules of backshifting tenses and shifting pronouns. It's like translating English into English!

quiz

Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យចំណេះដឹង

sync_alt Present to Past

"I like pizza."
He said he ___ pizza.

(គាត់និយាយថាគាត់ចូលចិត្តភីហ្សា។)

history

history Past to Past Perfect

"I went to Kep."
She said she ___ to Kep.

(នាងនិយាយថានាងបានទៅកែប។)

event

event Time Shift

"I will help you tomorrow."
He said he would help me ___.

(គាត់និយាយថាគាត់នឹងជួយខ្ញុំនៅថ្ងៃបន្ទាប់។)

gpp_maybe TRICKY QUESTION!

He says, "I am hungry."
He says that he ___.

(តើមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវ?)

visibility

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

The Spy visibility (ស្តាប់សម្តីមិត្តភក្តិ ឬអ្នកផ្ទះអ្នក ១ ឃ្លាថ្ងៃនេះ ហើយយកវាមកសរសេរជារបៀប Reported Speech។)

translate

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Translator translate (ប្តូរប្រយោគនេះទៅជា Reported Speech: She said, "I am going to the market tomorrow.")

build

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Fix it! build (រកកំហុសក្នុងប្រយោគនេះ: "He said that he will go to Phnom Penh next week.")

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

U

Recent Questions

S

Serey 2 hours ago

Teacher, do I always have to use "that"? Like "She said THAT she was busy". Can I remove it?

Reply thumb_up 18

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Hi Serey! Great question. You can absolutely remove it! In spoken English, native speakers usually drop the word "that" because it's faster. So "She said she was busy" is perfectly natural and correct. 🗣️

M

Makara 4 hours ago

What happens if they say "must"? Like: "I must study."

Reply thumb_up 10

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 3 hours ago

That's a tricky one! Because "must" doesn't really have a past tense form of its own, it changes into "had to".
So: "I must study" ➔ He said he had to study. 💡