Writing: Expository Writing (Explaining/Informing) (B2) - Lesson 1: Writing Clear Explanations
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Hello B2 Explainers! 👋
Expository writing is all about explaining or informing your reader about a particular topic. This could be explaining how something works (a process), what something means (a concept), or how different parts of something are connected (a system).
The key to good expository writing is clarity and logical organization.
In this lesson, you will:
- Understand the purpose and key elements of clear explanations.
- Learn approaches for explaining processes, concepts, and systems.
- Practice identifying and planning clear explanations.
What is Expository Writing?
The main purpose of expository writing is to explain, describe, define, inform, or clarify a topic for the reader. Unlike persuasive writing, it doesn't try to convince the reader of an opinion. Unlike narrative writing, it doesn't primarily tell a story (though examples might be used).
Key Elements of Clear Explanations:
- Clear Focus: You must know exactly what you are trying to explain.
- Logical Organization: Information should be presented in an order that makes sense (e.g., step-by-step for processes, definition then examples for concepts).
- Precise Language: Use clear, specific vocabulary. Define any technical terms your audience might not know.
- Sufficient Detail: Provide enough facts, examples, descriptions, or steps to make your explanation understandable.
- Objectivity: Present information factually and without personal bias (unless the task specifically asks for your interpretation as part of an explanation).
- Audience Awareness: Consider what your audience already knows and explain things in a way they will understand.
Explaining a Process
Explaining a process involves describing how to do something or how something works, step by step.
Key Strategies:
- Use chronological order (time order). What happens first, second, third, etc.?
- Use clear action verbs.
- Use transition words for sequence (e.g., First, Next, Then, After that, Finally).
- Break down complex processes into smaller, manageable steps.
Example: How to Make a Simple Cup of Tea
First, boil some fresh water in a kettle.
Next, place a tea bag into your favorite cup or mug.
Then, carefully pour the hot water into the cup, over the tea bag.
After that, let the tea steep (sit in the water) for about 3-5 minutes, depending on how strong you like it.
Finally, remove the tea bag and add milk or sugar if you wish. Enjoy your tea!
Explaining a Concept
Explaining a concept involves defining what something is or what it means, especially if it's abstract or complex.
Key Strategies:
- Start with a clear definition of the concept.
- Provide characteristics or key features of the concept.
- Use examples to illustrate the concept and make it easier to understand.
- Sometimes, it's helpful to explain what it is NOT (non-examples).
- You might compare or contrast it with related concepts (briefly for B2).
Example: Explaining the Concept of "Democracy" (Simplified for B2)
Democracy is a system of government where citizens have the power to choose their leaders and participate in making decisions for their country. (Definition)
One key characteristic is that people vote in elections to select their representatives. For example, many countries around the world hold presidential or parliamentary elections regularly.
In a democracy, citizens also usually have certain rights, such as freedom of speech and the right to protest peacefully. This is different from systems where leaders are not chosen by the people or where citizens have few rights.
Explaining a System
Explaining a system involves describing how different parts or components work together to achieve an overall function or purpose.
Key Strategies:
- Identify the main parts or components of the system.
- Explain the function or purpose of each important part.
- Describe how these parts interact or connect with each other.
- Explain the overall purpose or output of the system.
- Using a diagram or visual can be helpful (though in writing, you describe this).
Example: Explaining a Simple Bicycle System (Simplified)
A bicycle is a simple transportation system that uses human power to move. (Overall purpose)
Its main parts include the frame, wheels, pedals, chain, and handlebars. The pedals are connected to the chain, which turns the back wheel when a rider pushes the pedals. The front wheel is connected to the handlebars, allowing the rider to steer. Both wheels allow the bicycle to roll smoothly on the ground.
All these parts work together to allow a person to travel efficiently from one place to another.
Practice Writing Clear Explanations!
Activity 1: Identify the Type of Explanation
Read the short text snippets. Is it primarily explaining a Process, a Concept, or a System?
Activity 2: Order Steps in a Process
The following are steps for "Planting a Seed," but they are jumbled. Type the letters (A, B, C, D, E) in the correct order.
Activity 3: Plan an Explanation
Choose one topic below. In the box, write 2-3 key points or steps you would include in a clear explanation of it.
Selected Topic: (Choose one above)
✨ Tips for Writing Clear Explanations ✨
- Know Your Audience: Adjust your language and level of detail based on who you are writing for. Avoid jargon they won't understand, or explain it clearly.
- Be Logical: Organize your points in an order that makes sense (e.g., step-by-step for a process, definition then examples for a concept).
- Use Clear and Precise Language: Avoid vague words. Be specific.
- Define Key Terms: If you are explaining a concept or system with special vocabulary, define those terms.
- Use Examples and Analogies: These can make complex ideas easier to grasp.
- Use Transition Words: Help guide the reader through the steps or different parts of your explanation (e.g., first, next, therefore, for example, in contrast).
- Keep it Simple (but Complete): Provide enough information for understanding, but don't overwhelm the reader with unnecessary details.
Explaining with Clarity! 🎉
Being able to write clear explanations is a very valuable skill in many areas of life, from school assignments to professional communication. Keep practicing these techniques!