Listening: Understanding Interactional Cues & Discourse (Advanced) C1 - Lesson 1: Analyzing Complex Discourse Structures in Formal and Informal Settings

Interactive English Lesson: Complex Discourse
Lesson 1: Complex Discourse
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Complex Discourse

ការស្វែងយល់ពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធនៃការសន្ទនាកម្រិតខ្ពស់

In advanced English, speakers use specific phrases to navigate, soften, or structure their conversations. We call these Discourse Markers.

នៅក្នុងភាសាអង់គ្លេសកម្រិតខ្ពស់ អ្នកនិយាយប្រើប្រាស់កន្សោមពាក្យជាក់លាក់ដើម្បីរៀបចំ បន្ធូរបន្ថយ ឬដឹកនាំការសន្ទនារបស់ពួកគេ។ យើងហៅពាក្យទាំងនេះថាជា "សញ្ញាសម្គាល់នៃការសន្ទនា"។
account_balance

Formal Signposting account_balance

ការចង្អុលបង្ហាញផ្លូវការ (ប្រាប់ពីទិសដៅនៃការនិយាយ)
Notwithstanding Context: Highly formal writing/speaking. In spite of; despite what was just said. ទោះបីជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ / បើទោះជា
Be that as it may Context: Debates or formal discussions. Accepting a point, but introducing a counter-argument. ទោះជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ (ទទួលស្គាល់ តែក៏ប្រកែក)
Conversely Context: Academic or business reports. Introducing a statement that is the opposite. ផ្ទុយទៅវិញ
In light of this Context: Drawing a conclusion. Taking the previous information into consideration. ដោយយោងតាមចំណុចនេះ / ផ្អែកលើបញ្ហានេះ
local_cafe

Informal Interactional Cues local_cafe

សញ្ញាទំនាក់ទំនងក្រៅផ្លូវការ (ពាក្យបន្ថែមក្នុងភាសានិយាយ)
You know what I mean Context: Checking for listener understanding. Used to build rapport or confirm shared experience. អ្នកយល់ពីអ្វីដែលខ្ញុំចង់និយាយទេ?
To be fair Context: Introducing a balanced view. Used to defend someone or give a reasonable excuse. និយាយឱ្យយុត្តិធម៌ទៅ / និយាយតាមត្រង់ទៅ
At the end of the day Context: Summarizing a complicated situation. Ultimately; the most important fact to consider. ទីបំផុតទៅ / ជារួមមក
Like, well Context: Hesitation or searching for words. Fillers used to pause without losing one's turn to speak. បែបថា / អឺ... (ពាក្យអូសបន្លាយពេល)
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Hedging and Softening shield

ការបន្ធូរបន្ថយបញ្ញត្តិ (ដើម្បីកុំឱ្យស្តាប់ទៅដាច់អហង្ការពេក)
It could be argued that Function: Academic hedging. Introducing a strong opinion politely. គេអាចលើកឡើងថា / គេអាចអះអាងថា
To a certain extent Function: Partial agreement. Partly, but not completely. ក្នុងកម្រិតណាមួយ / ត្រឹមចំណុចណាមួយ
Arguably Function: Making a claim safely. It may be argued; possibly the best or worst. ដែលអាចជជែកវែកញែកបាន / ប្រហែលជា
Presumably Function: Logical assumption. Used to say what you think is the likely situation. តាមការស្មាន / តាមការសន្និដ្ឋាន
shuffle

Topic Shifting shuffle

ការបង្វែរប្រធានបទសន្ទនា
As an aside Function: Briefly going off-topic. A quick remark not directly related to the main point. និយាយជារឿងបន្ទាប់បន្សំ / ឆ្លៀតឱកាសនេះ
Returning to the matter at hand Function: Formal resumption. Getting back to the primary topic of discussion. ត្រឡប់មកប្រធានបទដើមវិញ
With regards to Function: Introducing a specific subject. Concerning; in connection with. ពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹង / ទាក់ទងនឹង
Anyway, as I was saying Function: Informal resumption. Getting back to the story after an interruption. ទោះយ៉ាងណា ដូចដែលខ្ញុំបាននិយាយអញ្ចឹង
warning The Hedging Trap!

Do not misinterpret hedges as a lack of knowledge!

(កុំយល់ច្រឡំថាការប្រើប្រាស់ពាក្យបន្ធូរបន្ថយ គឺដោយសារតែអ្នកនិយាយមិនដឹងច្បាស់! ជាញឹកញាប់ វាគ្រាន់តែជាការនិយាយបែបគួរសម ឬការទូតប៉ុណ្ណោះ។)
"It could be argued that this policy is flawed."
close អ្នកស្តាប់យល់ថា៖ "គាត់មិនច្បាស់ទេថាគោលនយោបាយនេះខុស ឬត្រូវ។"
"It could be argued that this policy is flawed."
check_circle អត្ថន័យពិត៖ "ខ្ញុំជឿថាគោលនយោបាយនេះខុស ប៉ុន្តែខ្ញុំនិយាយបែបនេះដើម្បីកុំឱ្យស្តាប់ទៅរិះគន់ខ្លាំងពេក។"

Quick Check bolt

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យរហ័ស
Context Fill
He failed the exam. ___, he still got accepted into the program.
(គាត់ប្រឡងធ្លាក់។ ទោះបីជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ គាត់នៅតែត្រូវបានគេទទួលឱ្យចូលរៀនក្នុងកម្មវិធីនោះ។)
Meaning Match
Why do English speakers say "To be fair"?
(ហេតុអ្វីបានជាអ្នកនិយាយភាសាអង់គ្លេសប្រើពាក្យ "To be fair"?)
LITERAL TRAP! warning
When a speaker uses hedging like "Arguably", what are they usually doing?
(នៅពេលអ្នកនិយាយប្រើពាក្យបន្ធូរបន្ថយដូចជា "Arguably" តើជាទូទៅពួកគេកំពុងធ្វើអ្វី?)
Context Match
Which phrase do you use to get back on topic after getting distracted?
(តើកន្សោមពាក្យមួយណាដែលអ្នកប្រើដើម្បីត្រឡប់មកប្រធានបទដើមវិញ បន្ទាប់ពីនិយាយខុសរឿង?)
Meaning Match
"At the end of the day" is used to...
(ពាក្យ "At the end of the day" ត្រូវបានប្រើសម្រាប់...)
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មេរៀនជាវីដេអូ

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តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!
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Recent Questions

V
Vireak 2 hours ago

Is it unprofessional to say "You know what I mean" in an IELTS speaking exam?

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Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Hi Vireak! It is totally fine in IELTS Speaking Parts 1 and 2, as they test your natural, conversational English. Just do not use it in your formal Writing task! edit_document

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Nita 5 hours ago

Why do native speakers use words like "presumably" instead of just stating the fact directly?

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Sopheak Pich Teacher 4 hours ago

Excellent question! English culture values politeness and caution. If you state something as a 100 percent fact and you turn out to be wrong, it is embarrassing. Hedging protects the speaker! shield

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Ratha 8 hours ago

Can I use "Be that as it may" when arguing with a friend?

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Sopheak Pich Teacher 7 hours ago

It would sound very dramatic and formal! With a friend, it is much more natural to just say "Even so..." or "That might be true, but...". Save the fancy phrases for academic debates! record_voice_over

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