Grammar: ⚙️ Verbs in Depth: 🎭 Modals & 🌱 Non-Finite Verbs (Advanced) (B2) - Lesson 8: Perfect Gerunds (having V3) & Perfect Infinitives (to have V3)

The Grammar Lab

history_edu

Time Travel Verbs

កិរិយាសព្ទបំលែង (Perfect Form)

Sometimes we need to show that one action happened BEFORE the main verb. We use Perfect Gerunds and Perfect Infinitives to do this!

យើងប្រើទម្រង់នេះ ដើម្បីបញ្ជាក់ថាសកម្មភាពមួយបានកើតឡើង និងបញ្ចប់មុនកិរិយាសព្ទចម្បងនៅក្នុងប្រយោគ។

check_circle

check_circle Perfect Gerunds

ទម្រង់: having + V3

having + V3 (Past Participle)

He denied having stolen the car. (He stole it first. Later, he denied it.) គាត់បានបដិសេធថាមិនបានលួចឡាននោះទេ។

I apologize for having arrived late. (I arrived late first. Now, I apologize.) ខ្ញុំសុំទោសដែលបានមកយឺត។

verified

verified Perfect Infinitives

ទម្រង់: to have + V3

to have + V3 (Past Participle)

She claims to have met the king. (She met him in the past. She claims it now.) នាងអះអាងថានាងធ្លាប់បានជួបព្រះមហាក្សត្រ។

I am happy to have finished the exam. (I finished it first. Now I am happy.) ខ្ញុំសប្បាយចិត្តដែលបានបញ្ចប់ការប្រឡង។

compare_arrows

Side-by-Side

ការប្រៀបធៀបដើម្បីបង្ហាញពីភាពខុសគ្នា

Simple Infinitive

Happening NOW

I am glad to work with you.

(យើងកំពុងធ្វើការជាមួយគ្នាឥឡូវនេះ)

Perfect Infinitive

Happened BEFORE

I am glad to have worked with you.

(គម្រោងចប់ហើយ ខ្ញុំសប្បាយចិត្តដែលធ្លាប់បានធ្វើការជាមួយអ្នក)

warning The V2 Trap!

Always use Past Participle (V3)!

(កុំប្រើកិរិយាសព្ទអតីតកាល (V2) បន្ទាប់ពី "having" ឬ "to have" ឲ្យសោះ! ត្រូវតែជា V3 ជានិច្ច!)

I am happy to have went. close

I am happy to have gone. check

Time Travel Verbs 🎬

Watch Teacher Sopheak explain how to use Perfect Gerunds and Infinitives to show that one action happened before another. It's a great way to sound very professional!

quiz

Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យចំណេះដឹង

fact_check Structure

He denied ___ stolen the money.

(គាត់បានបដិសេធថាមិនបានលួចលុយនោះទេ។)

psychology

psychology Meaning Check

"I am proud to have won."
When did the winning happen?

(តើការឈ្នះកើតឡើងនៅពេលណា?)

gpp_maybe TRICKY QUESTION!

Fill in the blank:
Having ___ my homework, I went to bed.

(ធ្វើកិច្ចការផ្ទះរួចរាល់ហើយ ខ្ញុំក៏ចូលដេក។)

search

search Identify

Which sentence uses a Perfect Infinitive?

(តើប្រយោគមួយណាប្រើ Perfect Infinitive?)

handshake

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

The Apology handshake (សរសេរការសុំទោសមួយដោយប្រើ Perfect Gerund។ ឧទាហរណ៍: I apologize for having forgotten your birthday.)

military_tech

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Achievement military_tech (ប្រាប់ពីរឿងដែលអ្នកមានមោទនភាពដែលបានធ្វើរួចរាល់ ដោយប្រើ Perfect Infinitive។ ឧទាហរណ៍: I am proud to have learned English.)

build

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Fix the Mistake build (កែប្រយោគនេះឲ្យត្រូវតាមវេយ្យាករណ៍: "She is happy to have saw him.")

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

U

Recent Questions

K

Kosal 2 hours ago

Teacher, can I just say "He denied stealing" instead of "He denied having stolen"?

Reply thumb_up 18

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Hi Kosal! Yes! In everyday speech, simple gerunds ("He denied stealing") are very common and completely acceptable. However, using Perfect Gerunds ("having stolen") makes the timeline *extra* clear and sounds much more advanced and formal. It's great for IELTS writing! 🎓

V

Vireak 4 hours ago

Why do we say "to have gone" and not "to had gone"?

Reply thumb_up 10

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 3 hours ago

Because after the word "to" (when forming an infinitive), we MUST use the base form of the verb. The base form is always "have". Never use "has" or "had" after "to"! 💡