Grammar: B1 - ✨ Grammar Essentials: 🧩 Parts of Speech & 🏗️ Sentence Structure - Lesson 1: Defining Relative Clauses with "who" (for people)

Grammar B1: Relative Clauses

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The "Who" Clause

ឃ្លាបញ្ជាក់នាមដោយប្រើ "Who"

We use who to give essential information about a person.

យើងប្រើ "who" ដើម្បីផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមបញ្ជាក់ប្រាប់ថា នរណាម្នាក់ជានរណាឲ្យប្រាកដ។

link

link Linking Sentences

ការតភ្ជាប់ប្រយោគបញ្ចូលគ្នា

Instead of using two short sentences, we connect them using who.

Noun (Person) + who + verb/action

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The man is my brother. The man is wearing a hat. The man who is wearing a hat is my brother. បុរសដែលពាក់មួកនោះ គឺជាបងប្រុសរបស់ខ្ញុំ។

translate

I know a girl. She speaks five languages. I know a girl who speaks five languages. ខ្ញុំស្គាល់នារីម្នាក់ដែលនិយាយបាន ៥ ភាសា។

track_changes

track_changes Essential Info

ព័ត៌មានដែលខ្វះមិនបាន (Defining)

Without the "who" clause, we don't know exactly which person you mean. No commas are needed!

stethoscope

(Which doctor? The one who treated me.) The doctor who treated me was very kind. គ្រូពេទ្យដែលបានព្យាបាលខ្ញុំ គឺចិត្តល្អណាស់។

fitness_center

(Which people? The ones who exercise.) People who exercise live longer. មនុស្សដែលហាត់ប្រាណ រស់នៅបានយូរ។

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sync Who vs. That

ការប្រើប្រាស់ជំនួសគ្នា

In spoken English, you can often use that instead of "who" for people in defining clauses.

emoji_events

She is the student who won the prize. She is the student that won the prize. នាងគឺជាសិស្សដែលឈ្នះរង្វាន់។ (ប្រើមួយណាក៏បាន)

*Note: "Who" is considered more formal and polite when talking about people. ចំណាំ៖ ការប្រើ "Who" គឺមានលក្ខណៈផ្លូវការ និងគួរសមជាង ពេលនិយាយពីមនុស្ស។

gpp_maybe Double Pronoun Trap!

Do not use "who" AND the subject pronoun!

("Who" គឺជាសព្វនាមរួចទៅហើយ ដូច្នេះកុំប្រើ he/she/they បញ្ជាក់ម្តងទៀត!)

The boy who he is crying is my son. ❌

The boy who is crying is my son. ✅

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Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យរហ័ស

join_inner Sentence Combining

"I met a man. The man works at Google."

(តើគួរភ្ជាប់ប្រយោគទាំងពីរនេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេចទើបត្រូវ?)

edit Fill in the blank

The teacher ___ taught me English is moving to Japan.

(គ្រូដែលបានបង្រៀនអង់គ្លេសខ្ញុំ នឹងប្តូរទៅរស់នៅជប៉ុន។)

gpp_maybe SPOT THE ERROR! ❌

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

(តើប្រយោគមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវតាមវេយ្យាករណ៍?)

priority_high Essential Info

True or False: We need commas around a defining relative clause.

(តើយើងត្រូវការប្រើសញ្ញាក្បៀស (,) សម្រាប់ឃ្លា Defining Relative Clause ដែរឬទេ?)

compare_arrows Who vs That

Can we use "that" instead of "who" for people in these sentences?

(តើយើងអាចប្រើ "that" ជំនួស "who" សម្រាប់មនុស្ស ក្នុងប្រយោគទាំងនេះបានទេ?)

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Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Describe a Friend group (សរសេរប្រយោគ ១ រៀបរាប់ពីមិត្តរបស់អ្នកដោយប្រើ "who"។ ឧ. I have a friend who lives in Phnom Penh.)

search

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Grammar Detective search (អានព័ត៌មានអង់គ្លេស ហើយរកមើលប្រយោគមួយដែលមានប្រើឃ្លាភ្ជាប់ដោយ "who"។)

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Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Voice Note mic (ថតសំឡេងខ្លួនឯងរៀបរាប់ពីគ្រួសារអ្នកចំនួន ៣ នាក់ ដោយប្រើប្រយោគមានពាក្យ "who"។)

Video Lesson

មេរៀនជាវីដេអូ

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

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Recent Questions

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Sokha 2 hours ago

Can I say "The dog who bit me"? My dog feels like a person to me!

Reply thumb_up 8

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Haha, I understand! Technically, for animals, we should use "which" or "that". BUT, native speakers often use "who" for their own pets if they have names and personalities (e.g., "Max is a dog who loves to sleep"). For exams, though, stick to "that/which" for animals! pets

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Vireak 5 hours ago

When do we use commas? I saw a sentence with commas before: "My father, who is 50, lives here."

Reply thumb_up 5

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 4 hours ago

Excellent question! That is a "Non-defining" relative clause. We use commas when the information is EXTRA (you only have one father, so we already know who he is). In today's lesson, we learned "Defining" clauses, which give ESSENTIAL info, so no commas! We'll cover commas in the next lesson. sentiment_satisfied