Speaking: Vocabulary for Speaking B2 - Lesson 3: Abstract Concepts (e.g., society, environment)

Speaking: Vocabulary for Speaking B2 - Lesson 3: Abstract Concepts (e.g., society, environment) 🧠🌍🤝

Objective: To learn and practice using a range of vocabulary related to common abstract concepts (such as those concerning society, the environment, ideas, and emotions), enabling more nuanced and thoughtful discussions.

• Understand what abstract concepts are and why vocabulary for them is important at B2 level.
• Learn key vocabulary related to society, community, and culture.
• Explore vocabulary for discussing environmental concerns and conservation.
• Acquire terms for talking about ideas, beliefs, and human qualities.
• Practice using this abstract vocabulary in relevant spoken contexts.

As your English skills develop, you'll want to discuss more than just concrete objects and everyday activities. Abstract concepts – ideas, qualities, states of being, and complex systems like 'society' or 'justice' – are essential for deeper, more thoughtful conversations. This lesson will introduce vocabulary to help you discuss these intangible but important topics with greater precision.

1. Vocabulary related to Society & Community

Words to discuss how people live together, their structures, and interactions:

• Society: A large group of people living together in an organized way. Example: "Modern society faces many complex challenges."
• Community: A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common. Example: "It's important to contribute to your local community, for instance, by volunteering."
• Culture / Tradition / Values: The customs, beliefs, art, and social organization of a particular country or group. Example: "Preserving Cambodian culture and traditions is vital for future generations. Family values are strong here."
• Governance / Policy: The way a country or organization is controlled / A plan of action agreed by a government or group. Example: "Good governance is essential for national development. The new environmental policy aims to reduce pollution."
• Inequality / Justice / Welfare: Lack of fairness / Fair treatment / Health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group. Example: "Addressing social inequality and promoting justice are key goals for improving public welfare."

2. Vocabulary related to The Environment

Words to discuss nature, conservation, and environmental challenges:

• Conservation / Preservation: Protecting and managing natural resources and the environment. Example: "Conservation efforts are underway to protect endangered species in the Cardamom Mountains."
• Sustainability / Sustainable development: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations. Example: "Sustainable tourism aims to minimize negative impacts on the environment and local culture."
• Biodiversity / Ecosystem: The variety of plant and animal life / A community of living organisms and their physical environment. Example: "The Tonle Sap Lake has incredible biodiversity and is a vital ecosystem for Cambodia."
• Environmental impact / Carbon footprint: The effect of human activities on the environment / The amount of carbon dioxide released. Example: "We need to reduce our carbon footprint to lessen our environmental impact."

3. Vocabulary related to Ideas & Beliefs

Words to discuss thoughts, philosophies, and principles:

• Perspective / Viewpoint: A particular attitude towards or way of regarding something. Example: "It's important to consider different perspectives on this complex issue."
• Principle / Ethics / Morality: A fundamental truth or belief / Moral principles governing behavior / Principles concerning right and wrong. Example: "Honesty is a key principle in his personal ethics."
• Innovation / Creativity: A new idea or method / The use of imagination or original ideas. Example: "Innovation in technology can drive economic growth. Artists need creativity."
• Tolerance / Prejudice: Willingness to accept different beliefs or behavior / Preconceived opinion not based on reason. Example: "Promoting tolerance helps to overcome prejudice in society."

4. Vocabulary for Emotions & Qualities (Abstract Nouns)

Words to describe feelings and characteristics:

• Happiness, Joy, Contentment
• Sadness, Grief, Sorrow
• Freedom, Liberty, Independence
• Responsibility, Accountability, Duty
• Courage, Bravery, Resilience
• Curiosity, Ambition, Motivation
• Patience, Honesty, Empathy

Practice Activities

Activity 1: Concept Association

For each abstract concept below, list two or three related words or phrases from this lesson (or that you already know).

1. Concept: Justice
   Related words/phrases:
   Equality, fairness, human rights, legal system, law
2. Concept: Sustainability
   Related words/phrases:
   Environment, conservation, renewable energy, long-term, future generations, resources

Activity 2: Discussion Prompts

Choose one of the following topics. Discuss it with a partner, trying to use some of the new abstract vocabulary from this lesson.

1. How can a local community in Cambodia work towards environmental sustainability? What responsibilities do individuals have?
2. Discuss the impact of rapid urbanization on traditional culture and values in a city like Phnom Penh. What are the main challenges?
3. What does freedom of expression mean to you in the context of modern society and the influence of technology?

Tips for Learning & Using Abstract Vocabulary:

• Read widely: Abstract concepts are often discussed in articles, essays, and books. Pay attention to how these words are used.
• Understand the nuances: Many abstract words have subtle differences in meaning. Use a good dictionary or thesaurus.
• Use them in context: Try to use new abstract words in your own speaking and writing to make them part of your active vocabulary. Start with concepts you understand well.
• Break down complex ideas: When discussing an abstract concept, try to explain it using simpler terms or examples if needed.
• Listen for collocations: Notice which words often go together with abstract nouns (e.g., "social justice," "environmental impact," "moral principles").

Summary: Expanding your vocabulary of abstract concepts is crucial for engaging in more thoughtful and sophisticated discussions at the B2 level and beyond. Words related to society, the environment, ideas, and qualities allow you to express complex thoughts and understand nuanced conversations about the world. Continue to explore and practice using these terms to enrich your English communication.