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He Said, She Said
រាយការណ៍សម្តីអ្នកដទៃ (Reported Speech)
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech) is how we tell someone what another person said, without using their exact quotes.
ការរាយការណ៍ប្រាប់អ្នកផ្សេងពីសម្តីដើមរបស់អ្នកណាម្នាក់ ដោយមិនចាំបាច់ប្រើពាក្យសម្តីដើមទាំងស្រុងរបស់គេនោះទេ។
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The Golden Rule ⏪
ក្បួនថយ Tense (Backshifting)
When reporting, tenses take one step back into the past.
Present Simple
Past Simple
"I play"
➔
He said he played.
គាត់ថាគាត់បានលេង។
Pres. Continuous
Past Continuous
"I am playing"
➔
He said he was playing.
គាត់ថាគាត់កំពុងតែលេង។
Past Simple
Past Perfect
"I played"
➔
He said he had played.
គាត់ថាគាត់បានលេងរួចហើយ។
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Modal Shifts 🔄
ការប្តូរ Modal Verbs
Will
Would
"I will go"
➔
He said he would go.
Can
Could
"I can run"
➔
He said he could run.
Must
Had to
"I must leave"
➔
He said he had to leave.
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Time & Place ⏱️
ការប្តូរពាក្យពេលវេលា និងទីកន្លែង
Because you are reporting later (and maybe somewhere else), these words change too!
Now ➔ Then
Today ➔ That day
Tomorrow ➔ The next day
Here ➔ There
The "No Shift" Trap! ⚠️
When do Tenses NOT change?
(តើពេលណាដែលយើងមិនបាច់ថយ Tense?)
1. Reporting Verb is in PRESENT:
He says he is tired.
2. It is a General Truth / Fact:
She said the Earth is round.
Mastering the Backshift 🎬
Watch Teacher Sopheak explain the exact rules of tense shifting, pronoun changing, and when NOT to backshift in conversational English.
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Knowledge Check ⚡
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យចំណេះដឹង ⚡
Tense Shift
"I am tired," John said.
➔ John said that he ___ tired.
➔ John said that he ___ tired.
(តើត្រូវប្រើកិរិយាសព្ទមួយណា?)
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Time Words
"I will call you tomorrow," she said.
➔ She said she would call me ___.
➔ She said she would call me ___.
(តើពាក្យ "tomorrow" ប្តូរទៅជាអ្វី?)
TRICKY QUESTION! ❌
"Water boils at 100 degrees," the teacher said.
➔ The teacher said that water ___ at 100 degrees.
➔ The teacher said that water ___ at 100 degrees.
(តើនេះជាសេចក្តីពិតទូទៅមែនទេ?)
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Past to Past Perfect
"I went to the store," he said.
➔ He said he ___ to the store.
➔ He said he ___ to the store.
(Past Simple ប្តូរទៅជាអ្វី?)
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Mission 🎯
អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!
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Mission 🎯
អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!
👨🏫
Mission 🎯
អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!
Ask a Question 🙋♂️
តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!
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Recent Questions
SP
Sopheak Pich
Teacher
1 hour ago
Great question, Sovan! No, the word 'that' is optional in English. You can say "He said he was happy" OR "He said that he was happy." Both are 100% correct, but native speakers often drop 'that' when speaking! 🗣️
Teacher, do I always have to use the word 'that'? Like 'He said THAT he was happy'?