Writing: Expository Texts
B2 Lesson 3: Presenting Factual Information Objectively
Model: Revising for Objectivity
Let's look at how to revise a subjective, opinion-based paragraph to make it objective and suitable for a formal report.
I think the traffic in Phnom Penh is a complete disaster. It's totally awful how millions of crazy moto drivers fight for every inch of space. The government should do something about this horrible situation immediately.
Traffic congestion is a significant challenge in Phnom Penh. The high volume of vehicles, particularly motorcycles, often leads to slow-moving traffic, especially during peak hours. This situation has been identified by municipal reports as a key area for future development.
How to Write Objectively
To remove your personal bias from your writing, use these key techniques.
Avoid emotional or exaggerated adjectives and adverbs. Stick to words that are precise and unbiased.
❌ Subjective: The amazing Angkor Wat is a wonderful temple.
✅ Objective: Angkor Wat is a large and historically significant temple complex.
Instead of presenting information as your own thought, state where it came from. This builds credibility.
❌ Subjective: I think the population is growing.
✅ Objective: According to the latest census data, the population has grown by 5%.
In formal expository writing, avoid using "I," "you," and "we." Phrases like "I believe" or "In my opinion" signal subjectivity.
Your Writer's Toolkit 🛠️
B2 Objectivity Checklist
When editing your writing, ask yourself:
- Have I stated facts without including my personal feelings or opinions?
- Have I used neutral vocabulary instead of emotional or exaggerated words?
- Where appropriate, have I attributed information to a source?
- Have I avoided using personal pronouns like "I" or "you"?
Practice Your Objectivity Skills 🎯
Quiz: Choose the Most Objective Sentence
Which of the following sentences is the most objective and appropriate for a formal report?
- The decision to build the new airport was a terrible idea.
- I believe the new airport will be fantastic for Cambodia.
- The construction of the new airport is expected to be completed in 2026.
→ Answer: C. It is a neutral statement of fact that can be verified. Sentences A and B are subjective opinions.
Your Writing Mission ⭐
Writing Task: Write an Objective Paragraph
Topic: The Mekong River in Cambodia.
Your task is to write a short, objective paragraph (3-5 sentences) about the Mekong River. Do not give your opinions. Instead, focus on facts. You can research simple facts or write about facts you already know. For example:
- Its geographical location (e.g., what provinces it flows through).
- Its importance for transportation or fishing.
- The types of animals that live in it (e.g., the Irrawaddy dolphin).
Use the B2 Objectivity Checklist to review your work.
Key Vocabulary
- Objective Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; presenting facts neutrally.
- Factual Concerned with what is actually the case; based on facts.
- Neutral Not taking a side; without strong positive or negative characteristics.
- Bias A prejudice in favor of or against something, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
- To attribute To state the source of a piece of information.