Writing: Advanced Argumentation & Persuasion C1 - Lesson 4: Integrating Sources and Quotations Seamlessly

Writing: Advanced Argumentation & Persuasion C1

Lesson 4: Integrating Sources and Quotations Seamlessly

Listen to key concepts and examples.

What you will learn: By the end of this lesson, you will be able to move beyond "dropping" quotes and learn to weave source material into your writing, using advanced reporting verbs and the "Introduce, Cite, Explain" (ICE) framework to support your own arguments.

Before You Start: C1 Core Concepts 🧠

Key Vocabulary (Click 🔊)

This lesson is about using other people's ideas to make your writing stronger.

Integrate

| បញ្ចូលគ្នា

To combine one thing with another so they become a whole.

Paraphrase

| បកស្រាយ

To restate someone else's idea in your *own* words and sentence structure.

Cite

| ដកស្រង់

To use a quote or reference a source as evidence for your argument.

Reporting Verb

| កិរិយាស័ព្ទរាយការណ៍

A verb used to introduce a quote or idea (e.g., "he argues," "she suggests").

The "Dropped Quote" vs. The "Seamless" C1 Integration

At a B1/B2 level, writers often "drop" quotes into their paragraphs without connection. A C1 writer *weaves* the quote into their own sentence, making it flow seamlessly.

B1/B2 "Dropped Quote" 👎

Climate change is a big problem. Dr. Chan Sothy wrote an article.

"We must invest in renewable energy immediately."

This shows it is important.

C1 "Seamless Integration" 👍

The solution to climate change requires immediate action. As Dr. Chan Sothy contends in his recent analysis, investing in renewable energy is not just an option but a "moral and economic imperative." His use of "imperative" suggests that any delay is no longer acceptable.

The I-C-E Framework (Quote Sandwich)

To integrate sources seamlessly, always use the I-C-E method:

I = Introduce: Introduce the source or the quote's context. (Who said it? Why?)

C = Cite: Provide the quote (using "...") or paraphrase the idea.

E = Explain: Explain *why* the quote is important and how it proves *your* argument.

[I] In his critique of modern education, academic Kounila Keo argues that...
[C] ...the system "too often rewards memorization over genuine understanding."
[E] This emphasis on rote learning, she suggests, is precisely what fails to prepare students for a complex, post-industrial economy.

Your C1 Toolkit: Advanced Reporting Verbs 🛠️

Stop using "says" or "thinks." Use a precise verb to show the author's tone and purpose. (Click 🔊)

To State Objectively

• states
• notes
• observes

To Argue Strongly

• argues
• contends
• asserts
• maintains

To Disagree/Refute

• refutes
• challenges
• denies

To Suggest/Imply

• suggests
• implies
• posits

Practice Your C1 Integration 🎯

Quiz: Choose the Most Seamless Integration

Read the context and the source, then choose the best C1-level integration.

1. Your Argument: You are writing an essay arguing that automation is a serious threat to workers.

Source (Dr. Chen): "Automation, while displacing certain jobs, ultimately creates new, high-skilled roles and boosts overall productivity."

Which is the BEST way to integrate this opposing view?

• A) Dr. Chen agrees with me. He says automation "creates new, high-skilled roles."
• B) Automation is a threat. "Automation, while displacing certain jobs, ultimately creates new, high-skilled roles and boosts overall productivity." This is wrong.
• C) While Dr. Chen *concedes* that automation 'displaces certain jobs,' he *maintains* that it 'ultimately creates new... roles.' However, his argument fails to address the immediate impact on the workers left behind.

---

2. Your Argument: Your main point is that the project's failure was caused by poor communication.

Source (Final Report): "The final report showed that 70% of team members were unsure of the project's primary goals."

Which is the BEST way to use this source as evidence?

• A) "The final report showed that 70% of team members were unsure of the project's primary goals." This proves my point.
• B) This lack of clear communication is not just an anecdote; the final report *revealed that* a staggering "70% of team members were unsure of the project's primary goals."
• C) My argument is that communication was bad. I will prove it with a quote. "The final report showed that 70%..."

Key Vocabulary Reference (Click 🔊)

• Integrate | បញ្ចូលគ្នា
  To combine one thing with another so they become a whole.
• Paraphrase | បកស្រាយ
  To restate someone else's idea in your *own* words and sentence structure.
• Cite | ដកស្រង់
  To use a quote or reference a source as evidence for your argument.
• Reporting Verb | កិរិយាស័ព្ទរាយការណ៍
  A verb used to introduce a quote or idea (e.g., "he argues," "she suggests").
• To Contend | អះអាង
  To state something as a position in an argument (a strong reporting verb).
• To Refute | បដិសេធ
  To prove a statement or theory to be wrong or false.

Your Writing Mission ⭐

The I-C-E Paragraph Challenge

Your mission is to write one perfect C1-level paragraph that uses a source.

1. Find one interesting sentence from an English news article or book. This is your "source."
2. In your notebook (or the comments), write one paragraph that uses this source.
3. You must use the I-C-E (Introduce, Cite, Explain) framework.
4. You must use one Advanced Reporting Verb (e.g., contends, asserts, suggests).