Writing: Advanced Argumentation & Persuasion C2 - Lesson 5: Formulating a Research Question and Hypothesis

Writing C2
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The Research Question

ការបង្កើតសំណួរស្រាវជ្រាវ និងសម្មតិកម្ម (C2)

Every advanced essay or scientific paper starts with a powerful Research Question and a testable Hypothesis.

រាល់អត្ថបទស្រាវជ្រាវកម្រិតខ្ពស់ទាំងអស់ ត្រូវចាប់ផ្តើមដោយសំណួរស្រាវជ្រាវដ៏មានឥទ្ធិពល និងសម្មតិកម្មដែលអាចធ្វើតេស្តបាន។

The Research Question ❓

លក្ខណៈវិនិច្ឆ័យនៃសំណួរស្រាវជ្រាវល្អ (FINER)

A C2-level research question must be arguable, complex, and clear. It should follow the FINER criteria.

The FINER Criteria Feasible (អាចធ្វើទៅបានជាក់ស្តែង)
Interesting (គួរឱ្យចាប់អារម្មណ៍)
Novel (ថ្មី / មិនទាន់មានចម្លើយ)
Ethical (ត្រឹមត្រូវតាមក្រមសីលធម៌)
Relevant (ពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹងបញ្ហាបច្ចុប្បន្ន)
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The Hypothesis ⚖️

សម្មតិកម្ម (ការទាយទុកជាមុនបែបវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ)

A hypothesis is a clear, predictive statement that directly answers your research question. It must be testable!

Null Hypothesis (H0) H0 Predicts there is NO relationship between the variables. (សម្មតិកម្មសូន្យ: ទាយថាមិនមានទំនាក់ទំនងគ្នារវាងអថេរទេ)
Ex: "Eating chocolate has no effect on sleep."
Alternative Hypothesis (H1) H1 Predicts there IS a relationship or effect. (សម្មតិកម្មស្រប: ទាយថាមានទំនាក់ទំនង ឬឥទ្ធិពល)
Ex: "Eating chocolate decreases sleep duration."
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The Variables 📊

អថេរ (កត្តាដែលប្រែប្រួលក្នុងការស្រាវជ្រាវ)

To test a hypothesis, you must define what you are changing (Independent) and what you are measuring (Dependent).

Independent Variable (IV) IV The cause. What YOU change or control. (អថេរឯករាជ្យ: ជា "មូលហេតុ" ដែលអ្នកស្រាវជ្រាវជាអ្នកប្តូរ ឬគ្រប់គ្រង)
Dependent Variable (DV) DV The effect. What you observe and MEASURE. (អថេរអនិស្សរៈ/កម្មវត្ថុ: ជា "លទ្ធផល" ដែលអ្នកវាស់វែង)
The "Goldilocks" Trap!

Too Broad vs. Too Narrow

(សំណួរស្រាវជ្រាវមិនត្រូវទូលាយពេកទេ ហើយក៏មិនត្រូវចង្អៀតពេកដែរ! ត្រូវតែ "ល្មម" (Just right) ដូចរឿងនិទាន Goldilocks។)
Too Broad: What is the history of AI?
(You could write 10 books on this!)
Too Narrow: How many students use AI on Tuesdays?
(This is just a statistic, not an argument.)
Just Right: How does AI-assisted tutoring impact the reading comprehension scores of B2 ESL students?
(Specific, arguable, testable!)

Analysis Check ⚡

ការវិភាគកម្រិតខ្ពស់
Evaluating the Question
"Why is social media bad?" Is this a strong C2 research question?
(តើនេះជាសំណួរស្រាវជ្រាវដែលល្អសម្រាប់កម្រិត C2 ដែរឬទេ?)
Hypothesis Types
Which hypothesis predicts that changing the light color will have NO EFFECT on plant growth?
(តើសម្មតិកម្មមួយណាដែលទាយថាវានឹងគ្មានឥទ្ធិពលអ្វីកើតឡើងទេ?)
VARIABLE TRAP! ❌
In the study: "How does caffeine affect exam scores?", what is the exam score?
(តើ "ពិន្ទុប្រឡង" គឺជាអថេរអ្វីនៅក្នុងការស្រាវជ្រាវនេះ?)
FINER Criteria
If a study requires you to hurt animals, it fails which part of the FINER criteria?
(បើសិនជាការស្រាវជ្រាវតម្រូវឲ្យធ្វើបាបសត្វ តើវាខុសនឹងលក្ខខណ្ឌមួយណានៃ FINER?)
Definition Match
A hypothesis MUST be...
(លក្ខខណ្ឌចាំបាច់បំផុតរបស់សម្មតិកម្ម គឺត្រូវតែ...)

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តផ្ទាល់!

Video Lesson

មេរៀនជាវីដេអូ

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!
U

Recent Questions

S
Seyha 2 hours ago

Is it a bad thing if my experiment results support the Null Hypothesis (H0)?

Reply 👍 15
SP
Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Not at all, Seyha! Proving that there is NO relationship (H0) is still valuable scientific knowledge. It stops other researchers from wasting time exploring a connection that doesn't exist. Science is about finding the truth, not just proving your guess right! 🧬

V
Vireak 5 hours ago

How do I remember which one is the Independent vs Dependent variable?

Reply 👍 8
SP
Sopheak Pich Teacher 4 hours ago

Use the "I" trick! The Independent variable is what I (the researcher) change. The Dependent variable depends on what I just changed. 🧠✨

P
Pheng 8 hours ago

Can a Research Question just have a "Yes" or "No" answer?

Reply 👍 6
SP
Sopheak Pich Teacher 7 hours ago

At C2 level, definitely not! A good research question should begin with "How" or "To what extent" to allow for complex analysis and deep argumentation. "Yes/No" questions are a trap! 🚫

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