Grammar: B2 section "✨ Grammar Essentials: 🧩 Parts of Speech & 🏗️ Sentence Structure (Advanced)" is: L1: Non-Defining Relative Clauses (using who, which, with commas)

Advanced Grammar B2

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Non-Defining Clauses

ឃ្លាអនុប្រយោគមិនកំណត់ (Extra Information)

They give extra, non-essential information about a noun. You MUST use commas ( , ).

វាបន្ថែមព័ត៌មានបន្ទាប់បន្សំអំពីនាម។ បើយើងលុបវាចេញ ប្រយោគនៅតែមានន័យពេញលេញ។ (ត្រូវតែមានសញ្ញាក្បៀស!)

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The Blueprint

ទម្រង់នៃប្រយោគ

Noun , who / which ... , main verb

Remember: Use who for people, and which for things/places!

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People (who)

សម្រាប់មនុស្ស

My uncle, who is 50 years old, lives in Kampot.

ពូរបស់ខ្ញុំ ដែលមានអាយុ ៥០ ឆ្នាំ រស់នៅខេត្តកំពត។

Mr. Sok, who teaches English, is very kind.

លោក សុខ ដែលបង្រៀនភាសាអង់គ្លេស ចិត្តល្អណាស់។

🏛️

Things & Places (which)

សម្រាប់វត្ថុ ឬ ទីកន្លែង

Angkor Wat, which is in Siem Reap, is beautiful.

ប្រាសាទអង្គរវត្ត ដែលស្ថិតនៅខេត្តសៀមរាប គឺស្រស់ស្អាតណាស់។

My car, which is 10 years old, still runs well.

ឡានរបស់ខ្ញុំ ដែលមានអាយុ ១០ ឆ្នាំ នៅតែដំណើរការល្អ។

The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.

សៀវភៅ ដែលខ្ញុំបានទិញម្សិលមិញ គឺគួរឱ្យចាប់អារម្មណ៍ណាស់។

The "That" Trap! ⚠️

Never use "that" after a comma!

(យើងមិនអាចប្រើពាក្យ "that" ជំនួសឲ្យ who ឬ which នៅក្នុងឃ្លាដែលខណ្ឌដោយសញ្ញាក្បៀសបានទេ!)

My phone, that is new, is fast. ❌

My phone, which is new, is fast. ✔️

✂️ The Drop Test!

If you remove the clause, it still makes sense!

(បើយើងលុបឃ្លាកណ្តាលចេញ ប្រយោគគោលនៅតែមានន័យពេញលេញ និងស្តាប់បាន។)

My brother, who is tall, plays basketball.

👇

My brother plays basketball. ✔️

Advanced Clauses 🎬

Watch Teacher Sopheak explain this advanced B2 grammar rule. Listen closely to how the voice pauses at the commas!

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Knowledge Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យចំណេះដឹង ⚡

Pronoun Choice

My mother, ___ is a nurse, works at the hospital.

(ម្តាយរបស់ខ្ញុំ ដែលជាគិលានុបដ្ឋាយិកា ធ្វើការនៅមន្ទីរពេទ្យ។)

GRAMMAR TRAP! ❌

The Eiffel Tower, ___ is in Paris, is huge.

(ប៉ម Eiffel ដែលនៅទីក្រុងប៉ារីស គឺធំណាស់។)

Punctuation 📍

Which sentence is correctly punctuated?

(តើប្រយោគមួយណាប្រើសញ្ញាវណ្ណយុត្តិត្រឹមត្រូវ?)

The Drop Test ✂️

If we remove the clause between the commas, does the sentence still make sense?

(បើយើងលុបឃ្លាកណ្តាលចេញ តើប្រយោគនៅតែមានន័យពេញលេញដែរឬទេ?)

🧑‍🤝‍🧑

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Describe Family 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Write about a family member using a non-defining clause. (e.g., "My sister, who is 20, studies in Phnom Penh.")

🏛️

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Describe a Place 🏛️ Write about a place in Cambodia. (e.g., "Phnom Penh, which is the capital, is very busy.")

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Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Fix the Sentence 🔧 Fix this sentence in your notebook: "My laptop that is black is broken."

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

U

Recent Questions

R

Rithy 3 hours ago

Teacher, why can't we use "that"? I see people use "that" all the time!

Reply 👍 12

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Excellent question, Rithy! You *can* use "that" in English, but ONLY for "Defining Clauses" (which don't have commas). Because this lesson is about "Non-Defining Clauses" (with commas), it is a strict grammar rule that "that" cannot follow a comma. We must use "who" or "which"! 🌟