Grammar: B2 section "✨ Grammar Essentials: 🧩 Parts of Speech & 🏗️ Sentence Structure (Advanced)" is: L1: Non-Defining Relative Clauses (using who, which, with commas)

The Grammar Lab B2

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Extra Information

ល្បះបរិវារសព្ទមិនកំណត់ (Non-Defining Relative Clauses)

A Non-Defining Relative Clause gives extra, bonus information about a noun. If you remove it, the sentence still makes perfect sense!

វាផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមដែលមិនចាំបាច់ខានមិនបាន។ ប្រសិនបើអ្នកលុបវាចេញ ប្រយោគគោលនៅតែមានន័យពេញលេញដដែល។

construction

construction The Formula

រចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ (ត្រូវតែមានសញ្ញាក្បៀស)

Noun , who / which ... , Rest of sentence

IMPORTANT: You MUST use commas to separate the extra information!

person

person Using "Who"

សម្រាប់មនុស្ស

My father, who is 60, likes golf. Main sentence: My father likes golf. ឪពុករបស់ខ្ញុំ, ដែលមានអាយុ ៦០ ឆ្នាំ, ចូលចិត្តវាយកូនហ្គោល។

Sokha, who lives here, is a doctor. Main sentence: Sokha is a doctor. សុខា, ដែលរស់នៅទីនេះ, គឺជាវេជ្ជបណ្ឌិត។

directions_car

directions_car Using "Which"

សម្រាប់វត្ថុ ឬសត្វ

My car, which is old, is fast. Main sentence: My car is fast. ឡានរបស់ខ្ញុំ, ដែលមានសភាពចាស់, គឺលឿន។

The book, which I read, was good. Main sentence: The book was good. សៀវភៅនោះ, ដែលខ្ញុំបានអាន, គឺល្អ។

warning The "That" Trap!

Never use "that" after a comma!

(កុំប្រើពាក្យ "that" បន្ទាប់ពីសញ្ញាក្បៀសក្នុងការផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែម! អ្នកត្រូវប្រើ "who" ឬ "which"។)

My car, that is old, broke. close

Incorrect.

My car, which is old, broke. check

Correct!

Extra Info Clauses 🎬

Watch Teacher Sopheak explain how commas change the meaning of your sentences. This is a very common mistake in IELTS writing, so pay close attention to the "That Trap"!

quiz

Quick Check ⚡

ការត្រួតពិនិត្យចំណេះដឹង

person People

My brother, ___ is a doctor, lives here.

(បងប្រុសរបស់ខ្ញុំ, ដែលជាវេជ្ជបណ្ឌិត, រស់នៅទីនេះ។)

book

book Things

The book, ___ I read last night, was great.

(សៀវភៅនោះ, ដែលខ្ញុំបានអានយប់មិញ, គឺល្អណាស់។)

gpp_maybe PUNCTUATION CHECK!

Does a non-defining relative clause NEED commas?

(តើល្បះបរិវារសព្ទមិនកំណត់ ត្រូវការសញ្ញាក្បៀសដែរឬទេ?)

delete

delete Main Idea

If you remove the clause between the commas, does the sentence still make sense?

(ប្រសិនបើអ្នកលុបវាចេញ តើប្រយោគនៅតែមានន័យពេញលេញទេ?)

person

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Describe a Friend person (សរសេរ ១ ប្រយោគពណ៌នាពីមិត្តភក្តិរបស់អ្នក ដោយប្រើ "who" និងសញ្ញាក្បៀស។ ឧ. My friend, who is tall, plays sports.)

smartphone

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Describe an Object smartphone (សរសេរ ១ ប្រយោគពណ៌នាពីរបស់ប្រើប្រាស់របស់អ្នក ដោយប្រើ "which"។ ឧ. My phone, which is new, is fast.)

build

Mission 🎯

អនុវត្តជាក់ស្តែង!

Fix the Sentence build (កែប្រយោគនេះឲ្យត្រូវតាមវេយ្យាករណ៍: "His laptop, that is very expensive, is broken.")

Ask a Question 🙋‍♂️

តើអ្នកមានចម្ងល់មែនទេ? សួរគ្រូនៅទីនេះ!

U

Recent Questions

S

Serey 2 hours ago

Teacher, can I use "whose" in this grammar structure too?

Reply thumb_up 18

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 1 hour ago

Hi Serey! Yes, absolutely! "Whose" shows possession. For example: "My friend, whose car is red, is visiting me today." It works exactly the same way with the commas! 🚗

V

Vireak 5 hours ago

What happens if I forget to put the commas?

Reply thumb_up 10

SP

Sopheak Pich Teacher 4 hours ago

If you forget the commas, it changes the meaning! It becomes a "Defining" relative clause.

"My brother who lives in Paris is a doctor" (No commas) means you have SEVERAL brothers, and you are talking specifically about the one in Paris.

"My brother, who lives in Paris, is a doctor" (With commas) means you only have ONE brother, and the Paris part is just extra fun info! 🤯