Reading: Recognizing Author's Tone, Purpose & Attitude (Basic): B1 Lesson 1: Identifying the Author's Main Purpose

B1 Author's Purpose

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The Hidden "Why"

ស្វែងរកគោលបំណងរបស់អ្នកនិពន្ធ

Every text has a secret reason for existing. Before you read, you must ask: Why did the author write this?

Are they teaching you? Entertaining you? Or trying to take your money?

គ្រប់អត្ថបទទាំងអស់សុទ្ធតែមានគោលបំណងលាក់កំបាំង។ តើអ្នកនិពន្ធសរសេរវាដើម្បីបង្រៀនអ្នក (ឲ្យចំណេះដឹង) កំដរអារម្មណ៍ ឬចង់បញ្ចុះបញ្ចូលឲ្យអ្នកទិញឥវ៉ាន់?

The "Textbook" Trap

Not everything you read is a fact!

(ក្នុងវប្បធម៌រៀនសូត្ររបស់យើង យើងច្រើនចាត់ទុកអត្ថបទបោះពុម្ពថាជា "ការពិត" សម្រាប់ទន្ទេញ។ ប៉ុន្តែនៅលើអ៊ីនធឺណិត ឬក្នុងកាសែត អត្ថបទភាគច្រើនមានគោលបំណង បញ្ចុះបញ្ចូល (Persuade) មិនមែនគ្រាន់តែប្រាប់ព័ត៌មានទេ។ កុំជឿគ្រប់យ៉ាងដែលអ្នកអាន!)

If you read:
"This is the best phone in the world!"

❌ Trap: You think it is a scientific fact.
✔️ Smart Reading: You realize it is an advertisement trying to take your money.

The P.I.E. Method 🥧

វិធីងាយៗដើម្បីចំណាំគោលបំណងអ្នកនិពន្ធ

P

To Persuade
(ដើម្បីបញ្ចុះបញ្ចូល)

I

To Inform
(ដើម្បីផ្តល់ព័ត៌មាន)

E

To Entertain
(ដើម្បីកំដរអារម្មណ៍)

P = Persuade 📢

គោលបំណង: ឲ្យអ្នកជឿ ឬទិញរបស់អ្វីមួយ

Changing Your Mind

The author uses opinions and strong words to make you agree with them.

Where you find it: Advertisements, Editorials, Reviews.
Clue Words: Should, Must, Best, Worst, Need.

"You must try the new coffee shop in BKK1! It has the best lattes in the city. You should go today!"

I = Inform 📰

គោលបំណង: ផ្តល់ចំណេះដឹង ឬការពិត

Just the Facts

The author is acting like a teacher. They only give facts, no opinions.

Where you find it: Textbooks, Wikipedia, News Reports.
Clue Words: Dates, Numbers, Names, Facts.

"Phnom Penh is the capital city of Cambodia. It is located at the junction of the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers."

E = Entertain 🍿

គោលបំណង: ធ្វើឲ្យសប្បាយ កម្សាន្ត ឬភ័យខ្លាច

Telling a Story

The author wants you to feel emotions (laugh, cry, or feel suspense).

Where you find it: Novels, Comic books, Jokes, TikTok captions.
Clue Words: Characters, Dialogues, Funny situations, Descriptions.

"The little monkey quickly grabbed the banana from the tourist's hand and ran up the tree, laughing."

Same Topic, 3 Purposes

ប្រធានបទតែមួយ តែគោលបំណង៣ខុសគ្នា

1. Inform (Fact)

"Angkor Wat was built in the 12th century by King Suryavarman II."

2. Persuade (Ad)

"You must visit Angkor Wat! It is the most beautiful sunrise you will ever see."

3. Entertain (Story)

"The old stone faces seemed to whisper secrets as the shadows grew long..."

P.I.E. Check ✅

រើសគោលបំណងឲ្យត្រូវ

Scenario 1: The Flyer

"Buy 1 Get 1 Free! Come to our new Pizza shop today. It is the best pizza in town!"

(តើអត្ថបទនេះសរសេរឡើងដើម្បីអ្វី?)

Scenario 2: The Website

"The Mekong River is 4,350 kilometers long. It flows through six countries."

Scenario 3: The Book

"Once upon a time, a magical fish lived in the Tonle Sap lake. One day, it spoke to a young boy."

True or False?

"If an article is published in an English newspaper, it is always 100% facts and you should believe everything it says."

(Hint: Newspapers have "Opinion" and "Editorial" sections. Those are designed to Persuade, not just Inform!)

Word Clues

If a writer uses words like "should", "must", and "best", what is their likely purpose?

Mission 🎯

Social Media Detective

Find the 'P' 📢 (Open Facebook or TikTok. Find a "Sponsored" post or advertisement. What exactly are they trying to persuade you to do? Buy? Download? Click?)

Mission 🎯

News Scan

Find the 'I' 📰 (Go to an English news website like Khmer Times. Read the first paragraph of any news article. Highlight 3 pure facts/numbers.)

Mission 🎯

Creative Writing

Write Your Own ✍️ (Pick your favorite phone brand. Write 1 sentence to INFORM me about it (e.g., "It has 3 cameras"), and 1 sentence to PERSUADE me to buy it.)

Mission 🎯

Social Practice

Teach a Friend 🤝 (Explain the 'PIE' method to a friend. Ask them to give you an example of a text designed to 'Entertain'.)